Quantum Computing & Artificial Intelligence
Why Six Countries Heavily Invest in Quantum Computing for Artificial Super Intelligence
China, Germany, Canada, The US, India & Japan are leading the way. It is time for all countries to join & unite by 2030.
Quantum computing is not just another technology hype. It has substance. Therefore, leading countries recognize the potential and heavily invest in it.
Before touching on the reasons and how much these countries invest in quantum computing, I’d like to provide a brief background to those who might not be familiar with the technical and business propositions of quantum computing.
Quantum computing leverages decades of the body of knowledge in quantum physics and quantum mechanics. There are various other disciplines such as quantum cryptography, quantum metrology, quantum simulation, quantum imaging, and quantum sensors.
We have already experienced massive interest and investment in AI. We use AI to achieve big goals such as self-driving cars, space exploration, and financial improvement.
Some AI tools and applications managed to outsmart humans. IBM Watson and Google AlphaGo are two prominent examples.
While these remarkable achievements impress many of us, they also scare some of us for good reasons. Once AI becomes autonomous, it will be too late to control its adverse effects on humanity as I pointed out in this article.
AI can be super AI only with the contribution of quantum computing by opening new horizons. Currently, AI only learns via capabilities provided by classical computing, such as calculating possible choices via a myriad of trials and errors.
The most significant contribution of quantum computing to AI could be identifying all possible decisions in a single process rather than a trial of a myriad of choices many times.
Despite all, the progress of AI is exponential. With the contribution of quantum computing, we can experience extended and integrated supermachine and human intelligence.
The current computer technologies are binary. Therefore, we cannot solve big problems with the capacity and capability of traditional computing models. For example, even supercomputers cannot solve significant issues such as creating life-saving drugs.
Moreover, the calculations might take thousands of years, even with supercomputers. Simply put, binary calculations cannot mimic human and universal traits due to constraints. But quantum’s features can, as it is a paradigm shift.
Let me briefly introduce the distinguishing factors of quantum computing. The first one is bit versus qubit. While in traditional computing, we have two options in a binary format similar to just black and white, quantum computing offers a range between these two. So, a qubit can be zero and one at the same time.
The mindboggling observer effect, repeatedly measuring a qubit, can change the position of zero or one. Schrodinger was the first to introduce the observer effect, as I mentioned in this article.
This observation is accurate, but we still don’t know the exact reasons behind the observer effect. Nevertheless, this feature of the quantum phenomenon can make natural and realistic simulations possible.
Superposition is a critical quantum concept to understand as it holds molecules together. The atomic and subatomic particles can be in two positions at once. For example, electrons do not just exist between atoms, but they exist around each of them.
As Einstein once said, entanglement is a spooky effect. For example, two separate particles can be connected non-physically. When we change one of them, the other one can change too. So, the distance does not matter for this effect to occur.
Let’s say we want to entangle two qubits. We can observe them in four states. So, each time we add a new qubit, we can double the states.
This could be considered virtual scaling rather than physical scaling in traditional computing. In other words, we don’t need more devices, but we need more qubits to scale.
Based on theoretical observations and calculations, several publications reported that “a 300-qubit quantum computer might perform more calculations at once than the numbers of atoms in the universe”. This potential makes quantum computing very compelling for making scientific breakthroughs.
The biggest constraint is the cooling system that quantum computers need to function correctly. Again, interference is a critical issue. Quantum hardware needs to be as cold as outer space, such as minus 273 degrees Celsius, for quantum effects to be apparent without interference.
Creating this temperature is not easy for small devices. Therefore, current hardware is extensive and not practical for small organizations. Only sizable companies like Google, IBM, Microsoft, Amazon, D-Wave, Toshiba, Honeywell, Alibaba, 1QB, and Regetti can afford such expensive setups.
Scientific breakthroughs require the processing of a massive amount of data. The capability of handling big data, such as in pharmacology (chemical reactions), climate (atmospheric data), cybersecurity (cryptographic data), the stock market (financial data), and longevity (genetics and healthcare data), is one of the most promising features of quantum computing.
Apart from data, pattern recognition through quantum algorithms can contribute to our physical and mental health.
From a mental health perspective, the algorithms in computing can detect very complex patterns. This capability can help us discover our thoughts and emotions hence mapping our behavior.
We know that some creatures, such as the red carol, can live 500 years from a longevity perspective. Whales with a similar genetic makeup to humans live around 200 years.
Quantum computing can shed light on the lives of these animals and give us insights into our health conditions. Perhaps quantum computers can provide us with the capability to change our genome.
Despite constraints such as cooling, some companies have made remarkable progress at an abstract level. For example, Google proved quantum supremacy by completing 10,000 years of a task in 200 seconds in 2019.
IBM created commercial quantum machines and made them available in various countries. Amazon offers QC Ware Forge as a SaaS quantum computing software platform that provides turnkey quantum algorithm implementations. I will give an overview of the progress of several other organizations in another article.
Leading governments of several countries allocate funds in their national budgets to optimize quantum computing research. The goal is to get ready for the quantum AI revolution expected to take place around 2030.
According to Global Tech Outlook, the top four countries heavily investing in quantum computing are China ($10 billion), Germany ($2.4 billion), Canada ($2.2 billion), United States ($1.2 billion).
In addition, India and Japan are the other two countries heavily investing and creating partnerships with research and business organizations internationally.
Based on my economic literature reviews, China is the most active country in quantum computing and AI preparation for 2030. For example, this year, China increased R&D investment by more than 7%.
According to a Techwire article, “China is way ahead of the US in AI, pointing out US cyber defense capabilities are at a “kindergarten level” in some government departments. In the same report, “Nicolas Chaillan reckons US has no “competing fighting chance against China in 15 to 20 years” when it comes to AI.”
You can learn more about China’s competition in AI from this Bloomberg video.
In summary, other important international highlights in Global Tech Outlook are:
1 — ” China has named quantum informatics a key aim in its 13th five-year plan and the Made in China 2025 plan. It is the first country to build a quantum science satellite known as Micius and a quantum network that connects Beijing and Shanghai, reaching 4,600 km. It is also focused on developing the world’s first-ever largest quantum laboratory.”
2 — ” Canada has ranked fifth in the G7 and first per capita as an aspiring leader in quantum research.”
3 — ” Ten leading German corporations are co-founding the Quantum Technology and Application Consortium to develop the fundamentals of quantum computing into use cases.”
4 — ” The US invested five quantum computing centres under the Department of Energy are funded with a $625 million project and $340 million worth of help from multiple tech giants such as IBM, Intel, and Microsoft.”
5 — ” India has also announced its quantum computing partnership with Finland between IISER and Aalto University.”
6 — ” Japan focuses on launching quantum cryptography into practical use from 2025 onward across Japan with a budget of US$14 million.”
Quantum computing with AI, at this stage, appears to be the only powerful and innovative technology that gives us hope for going above and beyond for the aspirations of humanity. However, both technology constructs are at the nascent stage of the predicted revolution. There are, of course, alleged quantum AI scams going on that we need to be aware as pointed out in this video.
My key point is rather than competing and working in silos with a de-fragmented approach; these leading countries can produce better results for humanity by collaborating to spur innovation in this quantum AI revolution. Quantum computing empowering artificial super-intelligence must be seen as a universal goal, not a national aspiration, in my humble opinion. We need leaders like Elon Musk and Jack Ma who break national boundaries and open transparent dialogue. In the end, we are all connected.
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