Life Skills and Business

Here’s Why Problem-Solving Is the Most Valuable Skill of the Century.

Practical tips to improve problem-solving skills with insights from the cognitive psychology literature

The world is Full of Problems

Have you ever had a day without a problem? I don’t know about you, but I have yet to have a day without solving a problem.

Many small, some medium size, and occasionally significant problems constantly emerge in my daily life. I have earned my living by solving problems for my clients for decades.

So, I solve my personal problems and the problems of others. Therefore, I see problems as necessary challenges for my survival and growth.

I paid my mortgages and student loans by solving problems. This is the only skill that never lost its importance and never became obsolete in my skill toolbox.

Unfortunately, many of my technical skills became obsolete with rapidly changing technology stacks. My investment in problem-solving skills paid dividends generously.

I see problem-solving as gold in our professional skills toolbox. This fundamental skill is ubiquitous and applies to almost every job category in every country.

If there is one skill people asked me to recommend to a job seeker, I’d say it is a problem-solving skill. The world needs problem solvers because it is full of problems.

My decades of research on leadership and cognitive science indicate that every leader and entrepreneur extensively use problem-solving to create and lead. Problem-solving is one of the cognitive skills mainly contributed by the executive part of the thinking brain.

Many subscribers enjoyed my previous articles related to the brain’s executive functions. For example, task switching and working memory, other functions of the thinking brain, attracted significant attention from my loyal readers. So, as promised, I created an article about each executive function of our cognitive system.

In this article, I introduce fundamental sub-skills for problem-solving and practical approaches with useful tips for problem-solving based on my experience and observations.

I validated my experience with a comprehensive review of problem-solving approaches and tools in the cognitive psychology literature.

However, instead of delving into details in the far-reaching papers, I focus on practical approaches to provide valuable tips based on my experience.

What Is a Problem?

A problem is an unpleasant or harmful situation that requires addressing timely. We call this process problem-solving.

There are various types of problems.

Understanding the origin and context of the problem is critical.

What is Problem Solving?

Problem-solving is addressing an unpleasant or destructive situation. It is a systematic approach using thinking, creativity, intuition, techniques, and tools. Problem-solving is not just troubleshooting, even though it requires this skill too.

Creating an invention or a design requires a problem-solving approach. The end product of an invention is solving a problem for its user.

The main difference between usual problem solving and inventive problem solving is the uniqueness and novelty aspects of the solution in the inventive one. Designs may require multiple integrated solutions.

Problem-solving starts with identifying and defining a problem. Then we draft a plan to solve the problem.

There might be multiple revisions to execute the plan leading to solution alternatives. Once we produce a number of alternative solutions, we assess and choose the best solution to address the problem.

To be able to solve a problem effectively, we need the right mindset, a structure, ask questions, and practice the solution process patiently.

There are several sub-skills of problem-solving. So, we need some fundamental skills to solve problems. Here is a summary of these basic skills necessary for problem-solving.

Essential Skills for Problems Solving

There are prerequisite skills to solve problems.

These fundamental skills contribute to problem-solving skills.

There may be different prerequisites for specific domains and disciplines. Here is an overview of the fundamentals.

1 — Creative Thinking

To be able to solve a problem effectively, we need to think creatively. Creative thinking requires both a systematic approach and intuition.

Using the structure of the conscious mind, tapping into the subconscious mind can boost our creativity.

We can use various techniques for creativity, such as visualization, verbalization, and scripting.

2 — Research and Investigation

Some problems require researching and investigating.

We can use various tools to collect relevant information, such as verbal and written formats.

While some problems can be solved with a quick search, some complex issues need comprehensive research and deep investigation.

3 — Effective Communication

Problem-solving requires various communication skills.

We may need verbal and written communication approaches to solve the problem. Clear and effective communication is essential to solving problems.

We should be able to convey messages clearly and succinctly.

5 — Collaboration

Some problems require input from other people.

Thus, collaboration can be necessary. We need to understand the requirements of consumers, so communication with users is imperative.

Asking for help is also a way of collaboration in problem-solving.

6 — Analysis

Every problem requires definition and description.

To define and describe a problem, first, we need to analyze it logically by looking at it from various perspectives.

7 — Multiple Perspectives

Our perspectives on problems can make a significant impact in producing effective solutions.

Looking at the problem from multiple angles and gaining a holistic view can be very helpful.

8 — Risk Assessment and Management

Every problem and its solution brings risks.

Assessing the risks of each problem and its solutions is essential.

Thus, risk assessment and management are part of the problem-solving process.

9 — Focus on the Outcome

Having a mental picture of the outcome can ease completing the steps in the problem-solving process.

Thinking of the worst and best cases can contribute to solving the issues.

We can ask how to turn worst cases into neutral or better status.

10 — Integration

Since a problem can have multiple sub-problems, and solutions can have various components, we need to integrate them logically and coherently.

Now, I summarize key points that I use for problem-solving.

Problem-Solving Approaches

1 — Define and Describe the Problem

The first step is to define the problem clearly.

Then, articulately describing the problem based on the definition can help deconstruct the parts and brainstorm solutions.

2 — Deconstruct the Problem

Some problems might have multiple mini-issues.

Deconstructing parts of the situation in smaller chunks helps us to understand the bigger problem.

Solving in small chunks can contribute to the solution of the entire problem.

3 — Brainstorm for Alternative Solutions

By looking at the problem from various angles, we create solution statements.

These statements can help us create the solution components.

The more options we create, the better decisions we can make.

4 — Understand Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms and causes are critical terms in problem-solving.

Problems usually come with symptoms. A symptom can be a painful situation, a disturbance, or a desire from the customer’s perspective. Understanding the symptoms by reviewing them from multiple angles is important.

However, addressing symptoms does not necessarily solve the problem.

Thus, understanding the root causes and addressing each cause can provide a sustainable solution to a problem.

5 — Keep Asking Questions

Asking the why question consistently until reaching the bottom of a series of events is an effective way to find the root causes of symptoms in a problem.

Then we can focus on the how questions.

So why and how questions are essential for finding root causes.

6 — Set Goals for Each Solution Component

When we deconstruct a complex problem, we can set goals in solving each small part.

Our goals need to be specific, measurable, actionable, and relevant.

You can remember these adjectives with the acronym SMART.

7 — Integrate Solution Components

Once you have multiple solution components, we need to integrate them logically and coherently.

8— Use a Relevant Method

Complex problems require following a method.

Different disciplines use different methods. These methods are proven and save us time. We don’t have to reinvent the wheel.

A method is like a cooking recipe. It gives step-by-step instructions to complete a solution.

9 — Use Problem-Solving Tools

Some tools like a mind map or a concept map can provide structure and clarify the components and elements of a problem.

Flowcharts and diagrams can be handy too.

In addition, we can use the design thinking approach for professional solutions.

10 — Use a Checklist for Quality Control

Our memories are weak and ephemeral. We forget details naturally. However, sometimes a tiny piece may play a critical role in the quality of our work.

Therefore, using a checklist for quality control is beneficial. Even experts need to use checklists.

For example, in the airline industry, experts use multiple checklists at numerous levels to maintain the safety of passengers.

11 — Be Optimistic and Remain Hopeful for Solutions

The psychological aspect of problem-solving is critical. Thus, hope and optimism in problem-solving are essential psychological constructs.

We approach the problem with a positive mindset when we have hope and optimism. The question of how we can turn this situation into a better outcome can yield good results.

We need to believe that we can solve the problem with our capability and collaboration with others. This belief and optimism can enhance our mental capabilities.

Conclusions and Takeaways

Life is full of problems. Our health and well-being require solid problem-solving skills. Therefore, problem-solving is a critical skill for everyone.

Having fundamental sub-skills for problem-solving and using a structured approach can make us effective problem-solvers.

Remember that intuition and emotional intelligence are also important in solving complex problems, as proven by famous scientists in history.

When we plan and produce a solution to a problem, the next step is to implement it. Therefore, actions are needed to close off issues.

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