avatarErin Gallagher

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Abstract

figcaption>u2u network of 7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8</figcaption></figure><p id="9fdd">The accounts for Chelsea Clinton, realDonaldTrump and POTUS are included in this network because users that are tweeting hashtag #OperationBackyardBrawl are mentioning those accounts in their own tweets, not because Donald Trump or Chelsea Clinton have tweeted the hashtag.</p><h2 id="6344">12,357 tweets from June 6 to June 12</h2><p id="0f80">User-to-hashtag network Nodes: 7032 Edges: 18,453</p><figure id="3a31"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*yJnmUa2DJntzIjHQC2Gbgw.png"><figcaption>u2h network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12</figcaption></figure><figure id="d23b"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*vWxLPL207aGYZABmY0kYRA.png"><figcaption>u2h network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12</figcaption></figure><h2 id="ec83">12,357 tweets from June 6 to June 12</h2><p id="0ad5">User-to-user network Nodes: 6,837 Edges: 13,623</p><figure id="e4d9"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*3U0s2bQlAMavVq7zTwSiKw.png"><figcaption>u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12</figcaption></figure><figure id="187f"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*BZdLdtdy1GXHpenlisiX2Q.png"><figcaption>u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12</figcaption></figure><figure id="9f80"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*9tyviRkc4hyedHFdWhTazw.png"><figcaption>u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12</figcaption></figure><p id="6cd2">I use <a href="https://www.tweetarchivist.com/about/faq">Tweet Archivist</a> to download tweets. Normally tweets for a given hashtag or search term will accumulate in an archive until the archive hits 50,000 tweets then it rolls over and starts another archive. I let the archive for hashtag #OperationBackyardBrawl run continuously for 6 days and it only accumulated a little over 12,000 tweets. This hashtag is not getting much traction on Twitter and if not for these high volume accounts, the amount of #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets

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would be far less.</p><figure id="125f"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*2sfC_X6jG8urEIWmvWwH3w.png"><figcaption>Tweets per day listed in the chart below is the daily average for these accounts per <a href="https://socialbearing.com/search/people">socialbearing.com</a>.</figcaption></figure><p id="5682">Twitter is supposedly cracking down on spam accounts; a <a href="https://blog.twitter.com/developer/en_us/topics/tips/2018/automation-and-the-use-of-multiple-accounts.html">blog post from February</a> specifically mentions that high volume accounts violate terms of service and may be subject to enforcement actions.</p><figure id="f6ad"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*oAXV3x2GH33rw4ILUrESng.png"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p id="e4e9">I have documented several instances of trends boosted by such accounts in <a href="https://news.docnow.io/unitetheright-automation-and-deleted-tweets-9dbf4b641755">#UniteTheRight</a>, <a href="https://readmedium.com/katesteinle-hashtag-visualizations-f08899e160fe">#KateSteinle</a> and <a href="https://readmedium.com/massive-volume-of-tweets-directed-at-marchforourlives-activists-bf7f02916439">#MarchForOurLives</a> hashtags. I don’t understand why Twitter cannot do more to control spam on its platform but I believe it’s important for the general public to know when a hashtag is being manipulated or artificially amplified.</p><p id="e90d">I don’t know who is amplifying #OperationBackyardBrawl but some of the activity in this hashtag is not organic.</p><p id="b31d"><b><i>Gephi graphs</i></b><i> in this blog were created using <a href="https://github.com/gephi/gephi/wiki/OpenOrd">OpenOrd</a> combined with <a href="https://github.com/gephi/gephi/wiki/Force-Atlas-2">Force Atlas 2</a> layout algorithms.</i></p><p id="9786"><b><i>Tweets per day (TPD) </i></b><i>cited above are <a href="https://socialbearing.com/">via Social Bearing</a> as of June 6 to June 12, 2018 and those metrics can fluctuate over time. TPD is calculated by the total number of tweets an account has tweeted divided by the number of days the account has been online. This metric can change if an account stops tweeting for a period of time or deletes tweets en masse.</i></p></article></body>

#OperationBackyardBrawl network visualizations

The hashtag for the latest #QAnon conspiracy theory about an alleged child-sex camp in Tucson, AZ is being boosted by at least 30 Twitter accounts that are tweeting more than 100 times per day. I downloaded over 12,000 tweets in a period of 6 days and found obvious signs of artificial amplification.

7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8

User-to-hashtag network Nodes: 4967 Edges: 12,077

u2h network of 7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8

The orange and fuschia communities stand out because there are accounts tweeting hundreds of times per day located in those clusters.

u2h network of 7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8
u2h network of 7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8 filtered by degree range

The high volume accounts are centrally located in the hashtag network.

high volume accounts are central to the hashtag network

7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8

User-to-user network Nodes: 4901 Edges: 9084

u2u network of 7,980 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 8

The accounts for Chelsea Clinton, realDonaldTrump and POTUS are included in this network because users that are tweeting hashtag #OperationBackyardBrawl are mentioning those accounts in their own tweets, not because Donald Trump or Chelsea Clinton have tweeted the hashtag.

12,357 tweets from June 6 to June 12

User-to-hashtag network Nodes: 7032 Edges: 18,453

u2h network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12
u2h network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12

12,357 tweets from June 6 to June 12

User-to-user network Nodes: 6,837 Edges: 13,623

u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12
u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12
u2u network of 12,357 #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets from June 6 to June 12

I use Tweet Archivist to download tweets. Normally tweets for a given hashtag or search term will accumulate in an archive until the archive hits 50,000 tweets then it rolls over and starts another archive. I let the archive for hashtag #OperationBackyardBrawl run continuously for 6 days and it only accumulated a little over 12,000 tweets. This hashtag is not getting much traction on Twitter and if not for these high volume accounts, the amount of #OperationBackyardBrawl tweets would be far less.

Tweets per day listed in the chart below is the daily average for these accounts per socialbearing.com.

Twitter is supposedly cracking down on spam accounts; a blog post from February specifically mentions that high volume accounts violate terms of service and may be subject to enforcement actions.

I have documented several instances of trends boosted by such accounts in #UniteTheRight, #KateSteinle and #MarchForOurLives hashtags. I don’t understand why Twitter cannot do more to control spam on its platform but I believe it’s important for the general public to know when a hashtag is being manipulated or artificially amplified.

I don’t know who is amplifying #OperationBackyardBrawl but some of the activity in this hashtag is not organic.

Gephi graphs in this blog were created using OpenOrd combined with Force Atlas 2 layout algorithms.

Tweets per day (TPD) cited above are via Social Bearing as of June 6 to June 12, 2018 and those metrics can fluctuate over time. TPD is calculated by the total number of tweets an account has tweeted divided by the number of days the account has been online. This metric can change if an account stops tweeting for a period of time or deletes tweets en masse.

Twitter
Bots
Automation
Data Visualization
Social Media
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