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8604

Abstract

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> boundFn = fn.<span class="hljs-title function_">bind</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>); <span class="hljs-title class_">Object</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">defineProperty</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, key, { <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>: boundFn, <span class="hljs-attr">configurable</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, <span class="hljs-attr">writable</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>, }); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> boundFn; }, }; }

<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyComponent</span> { <span class="hljs-title function_">constructor</span>(<span class="hljs-params">props</span>) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>.<span class="hljs-property">props</span> = props; } @autobind <span class="hljs-title function_">handleClick</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>.<span class="hljs-property">props</span>); } }</pre></div><p id="0013">In this example, the decorator is used to decorate the function so that it automatically binds this when called and returns a new function. This way, after instantiating , you don’t need to manually bind this when calling the function.<code>autobindhandleClickMyComponentthis.handleClick()</code></p><h1 id="3ffe">Logging</h1><p id="7a28">Decorators can be used to record logs, including printing information such as function calls, function execution times, etc.</p><div id="1a70"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>;

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">Function <span class="hljs-subst">${name}</span> called with <span class="hljs-subst">${args}</span></span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> start = performance.<span class="hljs-title function_">now</span>(); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> result = originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args); <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> duration = performance.<span class="hljs-title function_">now</span>() - start; <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">Function <span class="hljs-subst">${name}</span> completed in <span class="hljs-subst">${duration}</span>ms</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> result; }; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor } <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyClass</span> { @log <span class="hljs-title function_">myMethod</span>(<span class="hljs-params">arg1, arg2</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> arg1 + arg2; } }

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> obj = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyClass</span>(); obj.<span class="hljs-title function_">myMethod</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: </span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Function myMethod called with 1,2</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// Function myMethod completed in 0.013614237010165215ms</span></pre></div><h1 id="aff7">Authentication authentication</h1><p id="bbff">Decorators can also be used to check a user’s authentication status and permissions to prevent unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data or performing actions on a regular basis.</p><div id="be1a"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">authorization</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>;

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">isAuthenticated</span>()) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'Access denied! Not authenticated'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">hasAccessTo</span>(name)) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(<span class="hljs-string">Access denied! User does not have permission to <span class="hljs-subst">${name}</span></span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args); }; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor; }

<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyApi</span> { <span class="hljs-title function_">isAuthenticated</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// perform authentication check</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>; } <span class="hljs-title function_">hasAccessTo</span>(<span class="hljs-params">endpoint</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// perform authorization check</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>; } @authorization <span class="hljs-title function_">getUsers</span>(<span class="hljs-params"></span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// return users data</span> } @authorization <span class="hljs-title function_">deleteUser</span>(<span class="hljs-params">id</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// delete user with id</span> } }</pre></div><h1 id="646e">Cache</h1><p id="3465">Decorators can also be used to cache the execution results of functions to avoid double evaluation.</p><div id="5257"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">memoize</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> cache = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">Map</span>();

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> cacheKey = args.<span class="hljs-title function_">toString</span>(); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (cache.<span class="hljs-title function_">has</span>(cacheKey)) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">cache hit: <span class="hljs-subst">${cacheKey}</span></span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> cache.<span class="hljs-title function_">get</span>(cacheKey); } <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> result = originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">cache miss: <span class="hljs-subst">${cacheKey}</span></span>); cache.<span class="hljs-title function_">set</span>(cacheKey, result); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> result; }; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor; }

<span class="hljs-keyword">class

Options

</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span> { @memoize <span class="hljs-title function_">calculate</span>(<span class="hljs-params">num</span>) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'calculate called'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> num * <span class="hljs-number">2</span>; } }

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> math = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span>(); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(math.<span class="hljs-title function_">calculate</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: </span> <span class="hljs-comment">// calculate called</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// cache miss: 10</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 20</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(math.<span class="hljs-title function_">calculate</span>(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: </span> <span class="hljs-comment">// cache hit: 10</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 20</span></pre></div><h1 id="57d9">Aspect-oriented programming</h1><p id="0d61">Decorators can be used to implement facet-oriented programming, that is, to add functionality at runtime without modifying the original code.</p><div id="bc4d"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">validate</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>;

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> isValid = args.<span class="hljs-title function_">every</span>(<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">arg</span> =></span> <span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> arg === <span class="hljs-string">'string'</span> && arg.<span class="hljs-property">length</span> > <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (!isValid) { <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'Invalid arguments'</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>; } <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args); }; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor; }

<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyForm</span> { @validate <span class="hljs-title function_">submit</span>(<span class="hljs-params">name, email, message</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment">// submit the form</span> } }

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> form = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyForm</span>(); form.<span class="hljs-title function_">submit</span>(<span class="hljs-string">''</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'[email protected]'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'Hello world'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: Invalid arguments</span></pre></div><h1 id="c8da">Reversible decorators</h1><p id="5322">Decorators can also be applied in reversible scenes, for example, you can add a reversible decorator to modify function behavior.</p><div id="b868"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">reverse</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>;

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) { args.<span class="hljs-title function_">reverse</span>(); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args); }; <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor; } <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span> { @reverse <span class="hljs-title function_">calculate</span>(<span class="hljs-params">num1, num2</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> num1 + num2; } }

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> math = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span>(); <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(math.<span class="hljs-title function_">calculate</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: 3</span> <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">log</span>(math.<span class="hljs-property">calculate</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">reversed</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: 3</span></pre></div><h1 id="2ddc">Automatic type checking</h1><p id="037c">Decorators can be applied to automatic type checking, for example, you can add a decorator to ensure that the type of a function parameter is correct.</p><div id="a63a"><pre><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">checkType</span>(<span class="hljs-params">expectedType</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span>(<span class="hljs-params">target, name, descriptor</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> originalMethod = descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span>;

descriptor.<span class="hljs-property">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> (<span class="hljs-params">...args</span>) {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> invalidArgs = args.<span class="hljs-title function_">filter</span>(<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">arg</span> =&gt;</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">typeof</span> arg !== expectedType);
      <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (invalidArgs.<span class="hljs-property">length</span> &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
        <span class="hljs-variable language_">console</span>.<span class="hljs-title function_">error</span>(<span class="hljs-string">`Invalid arguments: <span class="hljs-subst">${invalidArgs}</span>`</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span>;
      }
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> originalMethod.<span class="hljs-title function_">apply</span>(<span class="hljs-variable language_">this</span>, args);
    };
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> descriptor;
  }

}

<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span> { @<span class="hljs-title function_">checkType</span>(<span class="hljs-string">'number'</span>) <span class="hljs-title function_">add</span>(<span class="hljs-params">num1, num2</span>) { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> num1 + num2; } }

<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> math = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> <span class="hljs-title class_">MyMath</span>(); math.<span class="hljs-title function_">add</span>(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'2'</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// Output: Invalid arguments: 2</span></pre></div><p id="dd86"><i>More content at <a href="https://plainenglish.io/"><b>PlainEnglish.io</b></a>.</i></p><p id="5cf7"><i>Sign up for our <a href="http://newsletter.plainenglish.io/"><b>free weekly newsletter</b></a>. Follow us on <a href="https://twitter.com/inPlainEngHQ"><b>Twitter</b></a></i>, <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/inplainenglish/"><b><i>LinkedIn</i></b></a><i>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtipWUghju290NWcn8jhyAw"><b>YouTube</b></a>, and <a href="https://discord.gg/GtDtUAvyhW"><b>Discord</b></a><b>.</b></i></p><p id="7057"><b><i>Interested in scaling your software startup</i></b><i>? Check out <a href="https://circuit.ooo?utm=publication-post-cta"><b>Circuit</b></a>.</i></p></article></body>

Free Ticket to Nowhere Chapter 11

A Stark Mystery

Jedi-Yoda [CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons]

As soon as the door shut behind me, I rushed to the minibar. Thankfully, it was fully stocked, but with those almost useless small bottles. I finished them all, even the weird sweet ones. Once I’d had something in my stomach, my brain began to work. I was in a pickle, actually, two different kinds and both were beginning to get hopelessly entangled with each other. I had to get back to basics.

Throughout my career, three things have always helped solve cases — booze and cigars (because everyone needs nourishment), hot babes (I’d once had a client, a self-help guru, who swore that only when he was properly relaxed, did he get great ideas) and some(thing/one) to kick.

I looked around the room for more booze, but my run of bad luck was continuing. So, first stop — bar. I quickly washed off the scent of stale Monkees, munchkin and Topeka, doused myself with some of the fancy cologne the hotel provided and trudged down to the bar.

The bartender was a small, very cheerful man, whose smile was so bright, I could feel my booze trying to hike up my throat. I peeled off another C, ordered a G (hold the T), and asked him to keep them coming.

A few drinks later, I was suitably energized and started looking around the bar. Immediately, I spotted the curvy Krystal sitting on a lounge seat. I grinned. The second item on my list. Maybe I could sweet talk her into going back to her room with me. I looked at my watch. We had another hour.

I walked over to Krystal and said, “The name’s Dusty. And you’re Krystal, right?”

She inclined her head and widened her eyes. “Oh! I know you. You wrote that book about the child whose nose kept growing. It was so sad.” She sighed, her chest wobbled and mesmerized, I nodded.

She continued, “Cancer is such a horrible thing, isn’t it? How did you manage to write it without it affecting you?”

Her eyes had widened so much, she could give serious competition to Jessica Rabbit. I played the dour card and gave an enigmatic smile. She sighed again.

I sat down next to her and said in a suitably gruff voice, “So, tell me about yourself.”

She smiled and fluttered her eyes. Damn if I’ve seen a real broad do that and holy shit, was it effective. I shifted a little. I might have to do some adjustments soon.

She talked animatedly, her whole body jiggled with every gesture. It was getting uncomfortably hot and I needed to push the pace. I inched closer and let my arm rest on the back of her seat. She, honest to God blushed and gave a tentative half-smile. I moved closer. She averted her eyes as if she were a teen on a date with her first crush.

I grabbed my drink and took another swig. As I was lowering it, she hit the glass and my precious G split on her. How she managed to do that, I still don’t know. But she began to wipe herself down, each wipe managing to pull down the neck of her dress a bit more.

Appearing flustered, she said, “I have to change, I think. I’m so sorry. And we were having such a nice chat, too!”

She got up, then hesitated. “Umm…” she said, one foot poised as if to run. Continuing my sardonic act, I raised an eyebrow. She blushed, again. Her hand crept to her lips, which she proceeded to lick nervously, yet thoroughly.

Oh! What an act! I had to do my part too, so I furrowed my eyebrows. She said, “Uh…I’m sorry to ask, but…but there’s this person who’s been bothering me and I’m afraid to go anywhere by myself because of him.” She held out her hands as if stop me doing something foolhardy and then said, “He hasn’t harmed me yet, but my agent says it’s only a matter of time.”

She hugged herself, widened her eyes even more and said in a halting whisper, “So, uh, could you, um, please take-me-to-my-room.”

The last few words came out in a rush, as if she’d never voiced such a request in her life. I looked at my watch. Fifteen minutes left before the conference started. Not enough time, but I could definitely grease the works. I nodded and got up.

She smiled shyly. As we stepped into the elevator, she looped her arm around mine and smiled at me. As the elevator zoomed up, her whole body pushed into me as she stared adoringly.

I shuddered inside — she was obviously willing to go to any lengths to find out what I was up to. But she didn’t know that I, Stark, wasn’t the type to fall for the damsel-in-distress…although I would happily take advantage of her act.

We stopped at the hundred and fortieth floor. The decor was markedly different from where my room was. I walked her to her room. She opened the door slightly and stood in the entrance, hesitating. Just as I was about to say I’d see her soon, she pulled me close and kissed me. My arms went around her as I kissed her back. We stepped into her room and the door closed behind us.

A few seconds later, I came up for air and stood shocked. My first impressions were beaten, subjugated and terrorized by the outpouring of pink that was the room. A strong floral scent added to the appalling decor. I could feel everything in me shrink from the horror of it all.

She pulled away from me and said, “I…uh…oh no! I’m making your dress dirty too. Let me change.”

She sprinted to the wardrobe and opened the door. The mirror on the inside of the door showed her opening a case. Her hand slipped in. She turned, inclined her head and looked at me. The smile she then gave was very different from the one she’d been giving me earlier. I took a step back. Maybe, I could rush to the door before she could do anything, maybe I could, I could…

Continues in Chapter 12…

Previous Chapters:

Chapter 1Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10

Fiction
Stark Mystery
Humor
Mystery
Free Ticket
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