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Abstract

ing around her.</p><h2 id="3057">5. She’s Endlessly Patient</h2><p id="0ca0">The alpha woman might not be known for her patience, but the delta woman has a surplus of it. She’s not rushing through life in a hurry. She’s savoring it as she goes. The delta woman also extends this patience to others and takes interruptions to her schedule in stride.</p><p id="d267">You won’t find her pacing in a waiting room or pulling a Karen move when she doesn’t get immediate service. She’s perfectly happy to sit with her own thoughts and to wait patiently. She’s not the one who gets attention for asserting her entitlement. She’s the one you didn’t notice in a room because she was patiently waiting rather than making waves.</p><h2 id="ad83">6. She Tends Toward Low Self-Esteem</h2><p id="f969">Even though the delta woman doesn’t require outside validation, she can struggle with low self-esteem. She can be the wallflower, easily overlooked, and it can, at times, undermine her sense of self-worth. She thrives when she surrounds herself with positive, self-motivated support, but she’s susceptible to energy vampires who seek to drain her dry for their own purposes.</p><p id="5d1e">The delta female might not have the confidence of an alpha or sigma, but this doesn’t mean she thinks she has no value. Rather, she sometimes wonder if anyone else sees it. Just because she doesn’t need outside approval doesn’t mean she doesn’t long for outside appreciation.</p><h2 id="0c77">7. She Can Be Conflict-Avoidant</h2><p id="f3b0">The delta woman usually smooths down ruffled feathers with no one the wiser. She’s a natural mediator, but it’s mostly because she’s highly conflict-avoidant. Fights and arguments stress her out, so she’s adapted to avoid them.</p><p id="1c48">This makes her an effortless communicator, but when her usual bag of tricks doesn’t work, she’s unlikely to address an issue directly. She’s more likely to busy herself or to run and hide than to face a problem — or a person with a problem — head on.</p><h2 id="c1da">8. She’s a Worrier</h2><p id="92ac">The delta woman’s naturally caring personality also means that she’s an innate worrier. She thinks and over-thinks because she’s constantly anticipating — and avoiding — conflict in any form. This hypervigilance often pays off when she successfully manages tension within a group, which often reinforces her worrying nature. Even though she claims she wants to be free of the stress of worrying, she also feels like her worrying is rewarded when she thwarts conflict and achieves peace.</p><h2 id="e11d">9. She’s a Nurturer</h2><p id="bac1">You may have noticed that the delta woman in your life has strong nurturing energy. She’s the friend who will bring you soup when you’re sick or water your plants when you’re out of town. She enjoys taking care of others and feeling useful.</p><h2 id="6d77">10. She Stays Focused on Self-Improvement</h2><p id="adbb">A key trait that often goes unnoticed is that the delta woman stays focused on improving herself. She’s aware of her challenges and diligently tries to be a better human being. Sometimes, she fails. What she doesn’t do, and will never do, is stop trying.</p><p id="b4df">Don’t get this twisted. She’s not walking around flinging toxic positivity in every direction. She just looks for ways to keep improving even when it’s tough. Her bounce back after a setback is impressive indeed!</p><h2 id="d60c">11. She’s Shy</h2><p id="10b4">The wallflower delta female isn’t stuck up or judging you. She’s just shy. Her reserve can be misinterpreted. She’s genuinely friendly, but she’s often uncomfortable being the first to initiate contact or a conversation.</p><h2 id="0f40">12. She’s Slow to Commit</h2><p id="238c">The delta woman sounds like a catch, doesn’t she? She’s caring, kind, self-aware, and driven by peace. But that doesn’t mean she’ll be quick to commit. In fact, she will likely move at a snail’s pace just to be sure she’s making the right decision.</p><p id="7ce5">Her slow relationship pace could drive partners crazy, but it just means that she’s taking it seriously. She wants to make sure she can honor her commitments and that the

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relationship is the best fit for her. You can be sure of her loyalty once she finally takes the plunge, but until then, she’ll be slowly going over a pros and cons list without rushing to get to some perceived destination.</p><h2 id="71e6">13. She’s Quiet Unless She Has Something to Say</h2><p id="b9cb">The delta woman doesn’t just talk to hear the sound of her own voice. She’s quiet until she has something important to say. She usually has incredible insights to share if others will pipe down and listen. When she’s not sharing those insights, she’s more likely to fade into the background as an observer until she has something important to contribute.</p><h2 id="bf10">14. She’s Aware of Her Flaws</h2><p id="74a3">Self-awareness is certainly a key trait of the delta woman. She knows she’s not perfect. Luckily, she has no desire to be. She’s aware of each of her flaws, and she doesn’t excuse them. She accepts them even though it undermines her self-esteem at times. Because she combines this self-awareness with a growth mindset, she’s getting better every day.</p><h2 id="a515">15. She’s Loyal to Others</h2><p id="03bf">Her hesitance to commit aside, the delta woman is one of the most loving and loyal. She has a real sense of devotion to the people she loves, and she’ll do almost anything for them. Her loyalty has limits, however. She’s capable of cutting out unhealthy connections and deciding to love them from afar if necessary.</p><h2 id="4a42">16. She’s Incredibly Intelligent</h2><p id="e468">Your studious, shy, and quiet bookworm is likely a delta woman. She’s incredibly intelligent but doesn’t brag about it. She loves deep conversations over small talk, and she constantly soaks up knowledge. She’s not just book smart either. She also has the street smarts to go with it.</p><h1 id="d8cb">A Final Word about the Delta Woman</h1><p id="739e">The delta woman is quiet, smart, and caring. She sometimes worries that she’s not good enough, but that doesn’t stop her from showing up or doing her best. She’s determined to keep getting better.</p><p id="0701">Although the delta woman finds herself at a lower rung on the sociosexual scale, she’s happy just to be included. She doesn’t need to lead. She doesn’t mind following. She just wants to be included, valued, and seen — just like anyone else.</p><div id="1f58" class="link-block"> <a href="https://readmedium.com/to-the-emotionally-unavailable-partner-with-love-16232d9981a3"> <div> <div> <h2>To the Emotionally Unavailable Partner, With Love</h2> <div><h3>It’s time to do the thing you’re most afraid of</h3></div> <div><p>medium.com</p></div> </div> <div> <div style="background-image: url(https://miro.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:320/0*QmR0vE0MFTU_6Iaj)"></div> </div> </div> </a> </div><div id="dbe6" class="link-block"> <a href="https://readmedium.com/7-things-the-nice-guy-does-that-a-good-man-would-never-do-132f002998d"> <div> <div> <h2>7 Things the “Nice Guy” Does That a Good Man Would Never Do</h2> <div><h3>Louder for the men in the back</h3></div> <div><p>medium.com</p></div> </div> <div> <div style="background-image: url(https://miro.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:320/0*lKeBjIo0NI9ToGXz)"></div> </div> </div> </a> </div><div id="e435" class="link-block"> <a href="https://readmedium.com/21-traits-of-a-high-value-man-9c846eca76fe"> <div> <div> <h2>21 Traits of a High-Value Man</h2> <div><h3>How to recognize and appreciate the high-value men in your life.</h3></div> <div><p>medium.com</p></div> </div> <div> <div style="background-image: url(https://miro.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:320/0*Zsa568jOV2oJwNHs)"></div> </div> </div> </a> </div></article></body>

Dogs in Ancient Egypt. Among the known names: Brave, Northern Wind, and… Useless.

Greyhounds, spitzes, mongrels, dachshunds — many breeds of dogs were already known in ancient Egypt. The dog was not just a helper in hunting during that time. Similar to today, it was also considered a human’s best friend.

Ancient Egypt was a highly advanced civilization. However, domesticated dogs appeared there relatively late compared to Europe. In the Old Continent, quadrupeds had been accompanying hunters and gatherers for tens of thousands of years. Meanwhile, the oldest dog remains in Egypt date back around 7,000 years. They were found in graves.

How many dog breeds were there in Egypt?

Mainly from art, but also from a few findings in tombs, we know that the Egyptians were familiar with many dog breeds. They had various uses. Representations show dogs on leashes, sitting under their owners’ chairs, hunting. The Egyptians knew dogs resembling greyhounds or salukis, mastiff types, spitzes, short-legged ones, and mongrels. Dogs were most frequently used for hunting assistance. They were also employed as guards and shepherds.

Among the known dog names in ancient Egypt are Brave, Reliable, Northern Wind, or… Useless. The elite preferred hunting dogs like greyhounds and short-legged dogs similar to corgis or Jack Russell terriers.

Pharaohs also took their pets on their final journey. For example, in the tomb of King Amenhotep II in the Valley of the Kings, who lived 3,500 years ago, a well-preserved dog mummy was discovered. A few years ago, scientists from the University of Pennsylvania, while examining a human mummy from 2,300 years ago, were surprised to find a tiny puppy mummy in its legs.

[Photo: Metropolitan Museum of Art, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons]

A burial site is also known from the Faiyum Oasis, where a man was buried along with several dogs in a cave. It’s interpreted as a shepherd’s grave. This implies that dogs were sometimes deliberately euthanized to accompany their master in the afterlife.

God Anubis. What does he have to do with a dog?

In the scholarly world, there’s a debate whether the god Anubis, responsible for guiding the deceased to the afterlife, was personified as a dog or rather a jackal. His image is difficult to interpret.

It could be the “dark” side of the dog, but researchers aren’t certain. Both dogs and jackals could have been frequent nocturnal visitors to cemeteries. Most scholars lean towards the version that Anubis is a jackal, although he strongly resembles archaic spitzes. These are currently existing breeds like the podenco or the Pharaoh Hound.

The Egyptians offered mummies of dogs as sacrifices to the god Anubis. The largest catacombs in which they were placed are known from the royal necropolis in Saqqara, south of modern-day Cairo. It is estimated that several million quadrupeds, mainly puppies, were interred there.

Anubis — [Photo: Jakub Hałun, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons]

Healing role of dogs

In antiquity, in North Africa and especially in the Middle East, dogs served a healing role. Dog burials have been discovered in Egypt, situated on the outskirts of hospital cemeteries dating back around 2,000 years.

Burials like that of a child with a small dog lying on its stomach are also known from Tunisia. Researchers interpret this as possibly being related to the healing aspect — dogs taking the illness upon themselves. In the Middle East, at the temples of the goddess Astarte, dogs were kept in temples to lick wounds and disease-related changes. Presently, dogs are subject to cultural taboos by Muslims in the Middle East and are considered unclean.

Diseases of dogs in ancient Egypt

In ancient times, dogs suffered from similar diseases as they do today. Younger ones mostly suffered from limb or rib fractures, while older ones experienced gum diseases, tooth loss, oral inflammations, and spinal degeneration.

A few years ago, scientists announced the discovery of the oldest traces of bone cancer in a dog in Egypt. It was an osteosarcoma, which remains one of the most malignant and deadly cancers in dogs. The finding was made in a cemetery of domestic pets dating back 2,000 years in the port of Berenike by the Red Sea. It’s evident that the owner cherished the dog. They wrapped its body in a mat made of palm leaves and covered it with halves of a Cypriot amphora. This might have been a Pharaoh Hound or podenco-type dog.

Egyptians or Romans. Who were bigger dog enthusiasts?

In the general perception, the significance of Egyptians in terms of their fondness for dogs is overestimated. The absolute dog enthusiasts were the Romans. Egyptians clearly preferred cats. Meanwhile, it was the Romans who wrote treatises on treating dogs, composed poems praising their character traits and practical values. From Pompeii, we know that there probably wasn’t a house without a dog.

Archaeologists are aware of dozens of Roman tombstones adorned with depictions of beloved dogs and epitaphs that still evoke emotion today:

“Passerby, if by chance you notice this monument while walking on the road, please do not laugh that this is a dog’s grave. Tears were shed over this, and his master personally built the tomb and carved these words on the gravestone.”

A fossil dating back over 300 million years reveals an unknown species of spider.

After several years, it turned out that the fossil found by Germans is that of a spider. And what a spider it is…

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