avatarDr Mehmet Yildiz

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Understanding Peanut Allergy for Children, Parents, and Teachers

Peanut, which is not a nut, is one of the most frequent food allergens and can cause fatal reactions (anaphylaxis) especially to children.

Photo by Trinity Kubassek from Pexels

As a child, I naively believed peanuts were nuts. Seeing my obsession with it, despite its name, my parents told me a peanut was not a true nut. Instead, it is a legume belonging to the same family as beans, lentils, or soybeans. They taught me that while nuts grew on trees, peanuts grew underground and are technically seeds.

Fortunately, I didn’t have a peanut allergy when I was a child, so I kept eating them in moderation with other more real nuts like almonds, pistachios, macadamias, Brazil nuts, hazelnuts, and walnuts. As they were all delicious, I sometimes accidentally overate them, causing digestive issues.

Peanut allergies are a significant concern because they can cause severe and potentially life-threatening reactions, known as anaphylaxis. Peanut allergies are a big concern, especially for kids. The risk of severe reactions reminds us how important it is to stay alert, learn, and take timely action.

A peanut allergy is an adverse immune response triggered by the consumption or exposure to peanuts. It is a type of food allergy where the immune system mistakenly identifies proteins found in peanuts as harmful invaders, leading to an allergic reaction.

This NIH book chapter informs that “Peanut is one of the most frequent food allergens and can cause fatal reactions when ingested. A reaction to peanuts will typically occur in the first few years of life. Peanut allergy is usually lifelong and potentially fatal.”

The book states that while avoiding peanuts can solve the problem, the ubiquitous presence of trace amounts of peanuts in food can make complete avoidance impossible, especially in children.

Peanut allergies can cause severe anaphylaxis. As documented in this NIH book chapter, “anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening hypersensitivity disorder, defined as a generalized, rapidly evolving, multi-systemic allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions were classified as IgE-mediated responses, while anaphylactoid reactions as IgE-independent events.”

“Physical presentations of anaphylaxis range from mild skin flushing and pruritus to severe respiratory symptoms. This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of anaphylaxis and explains the role of the interprofessional team in managing patients with this condition.”

Anaphylaxis can result in difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and even death if not promptly treated with epinephrine and other medical interventions.

Peanut allergies often develop in childhood and persist into adulthood, posing ongoing challenges and risks for affected individuals and their families. The impact of peanut allergies extends beyond individual health concerns to affect daily life, social activities, and dietary choices.

People with peanut allergies must diligently avoid peanuts and peanut products, carefully read food labels, and be prepared to respond to allergic reactions with emergency medication.

Due to the severity of allergic reactions and the prevalence of peanuts and peanut-derived ingredients in many foods, peanut allergies are a significant public health issue that requires awareness, education, and effective management strategies to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals with allergies.

I recently read an important research paper in Science (Translational Medicine) published on 7 February 2024, giving us clues about the causes of peanut allergies, which sparked my childhood memories of the neighboring doctor who taught me about immunology in simple words.

I want to provide a brief summary of this paper, as its findings illuminate the root causes of peanut allergies, especially among children, offering valuable insights for public health initiatives and treatment approaches.

In peanut allergies among children, a particular group of memory B cells have a role in producing immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which are responsible for allergic reactions. These memory B cells, marked by CD23 and IgG1 proteins, are part of the body’s response to specific immune triggers.

These researchers found that the level of these memory B cells corresponds to the amount of IgE antibodies in the bloodstream of children with peanut allergies. Through genetic analysis, these researchers discovered that these memory B cells have specific characteristics and mutations that make them highly responsive to peanut allergens.

These cells are pivotal in sustaining peanut allergies by generating potent IgE antibodies when triggered, thus instigating allergic responses. Grasping the function of memory B cells and their IgE antibody production in reaction to peanut allergens offers a critical understanding of how peanut allergies form and persist.

Pinpointing particular subsets of memory B cells linked to allergic responses enables researchers to refine their focus on these cells in crafting allergy treatments and therapies.

Ultimately, this research holds promise for enhancing the management and treatment of peanut allergies, boosting optimism for improved outcomes and quality of life among those impacted by this prevalent food allergy.

Reflecting on my childhood memories, delving into peanut allergy research stirs many emotions. These experiences, brimming with valuable childhood lessons, have enriched my understanding of health and cultivated empathy and resilience within me.

As I have witnessed firsthand multiple times in adulthood as a parent and educator, allergic reactions can spiral out of control in the blink of an eye, highlighting the urgent need for swift action and access to life-saving epinephrine auto-injectors. I introduced the neurotransmitter epinephrine also known as adrenalin in a previous story.

Peanut allergies are a big concern, especially for kids. The risk of severe reactions reminds us how important it is to stay alert, learn, and take action. If you or your children have the risks of peanut allergies, here are a few takeaway points:

  1. Learn about peanut allergies recognizing their signs to help quickly in emergencies.
  2. Be understanding and supportive toward those dealing with peanut allergies. Encourage children with peanut allergies to speak up for their safety and needs.
  3. Read food labels carefully to avoid products containing peanuts.
  4. Make an allergy action plan with your doctor for emergencies and know when to use medications like epinephrine.
  5. Raise awareness and provide training in communities to improve allergy management and support.

This story was about peanut allergies. However, some other food allergies can cause serious health issues. We need awareness, compassion, and timely professional support for food safety.

Thank you for reading my perspectives. I wish you a healthy and happy life.

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