avatarJosie Cheng

Free AI web copilot to create summaries, insights and extended knowledge, download it at here

6130

Abstract

nobody else saw, not even me when reacquainted with the pulses of the everyday world.</p><p id="9c95">It may have been wandering, or boredom, or self-destructive behavior that led me into the bathroom at the blue level of Madison Square Garden with Keegan, a friend from boarding school. I was getting ready to drop two windowpanes of a four-way hit. Whatever I was seeking, I knew that, at the very least, this dose would provide a counter-irritant to douse the peat-fire of boredom and wanting burning in my guts.</p><p id="4657">Keegan asked me how many panes I wanted to take.</p><p id="c93a">I asked, “how many are you going to take”?</p><p id="9068">He said, “two”.</p><p id="46ca">I said, “I’ll take two, then.”</p><p id="b8c7">Soon after I took them he told me that he had dosed on this same acid two days before, which would mean that he had some resistance to the batch and was doubling his intake to make sure he got high. What it meant for me was that if the acid was any good I was going to get very high, and the acid was good.</p><p id="a94e">Whether what Keegan had done was “mean”, “unfair”, “stupid”, “dangerous”, “funny”, or “not a big deal”, wasn’t a question I asked at the time. It was two decades before I began to realize that some of my “friends” were not my friends. It may be of no surprise to people older than fifty that many of the people I once called “friends” were really transactional acquaintances forged in a furnace of boredom and need. At some point in my life (like, about age forty) there was the awful realization that some of the people I referred to as “friends” were simply people that let me hang out with them. They didn’t actively humiliate or shun me, and so, to my adolescent pollywog brain, they were “friends”, even if there was no reciprocity in our relationship.</p><p id="ba48">Keegan was not someone I hung onto. In the brutal pecking order of boarding school hierarchy he and I were roughly equal, though we shouldn’t have been. Keegan was smart and funny, but he was also overweight, messy, and occasionally obstinate, in the kind of peevish way that eventually stops making sense. In a milieu where sports, good looks, and emotional control counted in the calculation of your social credit score, I could fairly count Keegan as an “equal” despite the fact that he was a more compelling, charismatic, and engaging character than I was.</p><p id="9ded">Keegan had another strike against him that may be hard to explain nowadays. His parents were divorced and he was being raised by a single mother. Why that information reflected poorly on him is a topic for another serving of dreck, but there is no question that my dysfunctional, alcohol-soaked, “in-tact” nuclear family gave me a lift. Keegan’s mother, who was smart but stranded economically (though not so stranded that she couldn’t afford boarding school for her son) came to parent’s day alone, or didn’t come at all. While that information seems like it would be the last thing that teenage boys would care about, somehow it factored into the equation, and, in ways that confuse both logic and analysis, made it easier for us to take Keegan himself less seriously.</p><p id="6a81">As I look back at it, I don’t think Keegan was being a dick when he gave me the double dose. We can explain it away by using the euphemism, “he was being mischievous”. He saw it as a prank. Had he not died of a drug overdose when we were in our twenties, I am certain that today he would be willing to either apologize or explain to me why he didn’t need to apologize. I’m sorry he can’t do that.</p><h2 id="ba57">Part II: The Trip</h2><p id="4aa8">After dropping the acid in the bathroom, a metallic flush began on my tongue and filled my entire mouth while we were walking on the concourse towards our seats. I was seeing vivid color trails before any music started. When the Grateful Dead came out, I couldn’t quite fathom what was happening. All I saw was Gerry Garcia’s great gray set of hair mushrooming and breathing as he took the stage. His hair kept expanding until it filled more than a third of the Garden. Then then band began to play.</p><p id="6d9d">Here is the a recording in the concert. There is a crash at the beginning of the opening number, <i>Mississippi Half-Step</i>, which I clearly remember, though at the time, I couldn’t make any sense of it.</p> <figure id="f154"> <div> <div> <img class="ratio" src="http://placehold.it/16x9"> <iframe class="" src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2Fs_PakceAHxs%3Ffeature%3Doembed&amp;display_name=YouTube&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Ds_PakceAHxs&amp;image=https%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2Fs_PakceAHxs%2Fhqdefault.jpg&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=youtube" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="480" width="854"> </div> </div> </figure></iframe></div></div></figure><p id="06c9">Throughout the concert Keegan and I stayed in our seats. At one point a Deadhead “twirler” came up to our tier and spent what seemed like hours Grateful Dead dancing.</p> <figure id="9bcf"> <div> <div> <img class="ratio" src="http://placehold.it/16x9"> <iframe class="" src="https://cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FtmBIgvOYfLw&amp;display_name=YouTube&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtmBIgvOYfLw&amp;image=http%3A%2F%2Fi.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FtmBIgvOYfLw%2Fhqdefault.jpg&amp;key=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;type=text%2Fhtml&amp;schema=youtube" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="480" width="854"> </div> </div> </figure></iframe></div></div></figure><p id="ef40">I must have been smoking. I didn’t really smoke much as a kid, but I didn’t “not smoke” and since almost everyone in the world smoked, I sometimes did. Two girls came up to our seats and asked to bum a cigarette from me. I ha

Options

d a pack of Marlboros, but I couldn’t find them in the Vietnam era army jacket I was wearing. I had taken the jacket off, so I just kept turning it over and over looking through various pockets, it began to look like a carnival ride of pickle green cubby-holes. The girls stared expectantly, Keegan kept up a running commentary under his breath that they couldn’t hear:</p><p id="c961">“They’re <i>still</i> waiting. The two girls are waiting patiently while the stoned kid paws at his jacket pockets and grunts. No, that’s a lighter, Gutbloom. A lighter is not a pack of cigarettes, even if you stare at it for a long, long, time. What’s this? Hurray! You found something. A ticket! which is also not a pack of cigarettes….” etc., etc.</p><p id="46a0">After I gave the girls cigarettes, they walked away, and then the ceiling of Madison Square Garden touched the floor.</p><p id="90b4">Forty years ago I might have been able to tell you the peculiar hallucinations that accompanied individual songs. Some of those visions still color my emotional reaction to those tunes if I listen to them now, which I seldom do.</p><p id="1111">More memorable is the image of Keegan and his younger brother, who met us after the concert, standing on a New York City street trying to figure out which way was east. I was quite certain I knew, and I pointed north and said, “That’s uptown”, then pointed south and said, “that’s downtown, so that,” pointing east, “must be east.” I don’t remember if they agreed.</p><p id="d787">We went into an arcade in Times Square named Playland.</p><figure id="4e7d"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*MPnG0QZ1e9-LcTsYgF3z0g.jpeg"><figcaption><a href="https://weber-street-photography.com/2015/08/01/playland-times-sq-1985/">“Playland” Times Sq. 1985, ©Matt Weber</a>. Used without permission.</figcaption></figure><p id="d46d">When I told my brother about my adventure a few weeks after the fact, he told me that Playland was one of the “crusiest places on the planet and I was lucky I wasn’t swarmed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenhawk_(gay_slang)">chickenhawks</a>.” I wasn’t. No chickenhawks that I remember. No people. There were people, but I don’t remember them. I just remember the green lines of the video game and the sound that the tanks made when they materialized.</p><figure id="e2bc"><img src="https://cdn-images-1.readmedium.com/v2/resize:fit:800/1*wvY5F25mQqrqBt2iPefnlQ.gif"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p id="bdd2">There was nothing epic about my trip to the land of Nod. All of the epic was inside my head. From the outside, we were just messy stoned kids wandering around the city.</p><p id="a983">We made it Grand Central Station before the last New Haven Line commuter train had departed for the suburbs. On it, we joined a group of Deadheads from Rye that Keegan knew. They were another dirty lot. One of them was even wearing a top hat. Someone had a tape recorder, and they were playing the concert we had just attended.</p><p id="5c29">An argument broke out between Keegan and someone else about whether the Dead had played the “Weather Report Suite” at the concert (they hadn’t).</p><p id="834d">I wasn’t a Deadhead and had no interest in the argument. At the time I wasn’t impressed by the Rye kids. My ignorance was so complete that I could arrogantly dismiss that which I knew nothing about on the thinnest shred of misunderstood and badly reasoned evidence. I only knew what I knew, which was painfully little, but I was certain <a href="https://readmedium.com/there-s-no-place-like-home-a218b7891be3">that my beloved suburb</a> was in every way superior to Rye, and, so, by the deductive process that renders simple ignorance into mindnumbingly cocksure adolescent arrogance, I figured that the kids from Rye were somehow “wanting” and I shouldn’t waste my time on them.</p><p id="c296">Little did I know that Rye was the town where Ogden Nash lived, where the Dick Van Dyke Show was set, and that gave us Nick Kroll. I thought it was simply the backdrop for <a href="https://playlandpark.org/">Rye Playland</a>. There was plenty I could have enjoyed in Rye.</p><p id="91f2">Some time in the morning we tumbled out onto the station platform and, still as a group, went to a downtown diner that was open. I had a plate of eggs that wiggled, breathed, and grew hairs. My mouth was full of the chemical taste of speedy acid and I knew that I would be awake for at least eight more hours.</p><p id="d68b">We left the wandering pack of Deadheads and made it back to Keegan’s house as dawn arrived. His mother was awake.</p><p id="d19a">Keegan went immediately downstairs.</p><p id="6e00">His mother and I talked for a long time in the kitchen. Mrs. Keegan was kind and interesting… interesting because she seemed genuinely interested in me. She, like my mother, was a Westover graduate, and I had the realization that she was just like one of my aunts… could be one of my aunts… sitting at the kitchen table and making deceptively sophisticated small talk. I didn’t know much, but I knew she was shrouding her concern for both me and her son in her subtle and psychologically-sophisticated set of questions. Her rejoinders to my answers were sagacious. I wish I could remember them.</p><p id="c82b">For all the Koans I could recite (“Why does the Buddha come from the East?”) or snippets of the Tao Te Ching I could burp out (“The name that can be named..”) I didn’t recognize one of the Masters even while she was instructing me. Of course I couldn’t see her. If I had, I would have had to recognize her sister rabbi who was in the kitchen at my house. These boddhisattvas, who understood, endured, and knew so much, were willing to put their own “desires” aside in an attempt to feed and care for pupa hell bent on fucking up their yet-to-be spun cocoons.</p><p id="d2f6">I wish I knew then what I know now. I had met the goddess on my non-ayahuasca trip.</p><p id="5733">But I didn’t know. I went downstairs into Keegan’s basement bedroom to smoke pot, listen to Jethro Tull, and watch the walls swim.</p></article></body>

拆解增長項目實操 — 擬定你的第一個增長實驗(Growth Experiments),從這裡開始!

用戶增長(User Growth / Growth Hacking)繼承了互聯網產品開發的迭代概念,平常耳熟能詳的經典增長成功案例,其實都是在大量增長實驗(Growth Experiments)中所摸索試驗出來的。因此,在成功地完成用戶增長之前,你需要落地一連串的增長項目。那麼,相關的方法論聽了很多,而你又該如何開始第一個屬於你的增長實驗項目呢?今天將透過拆解增長項目實操的步驟,帶你開始第一個增長實驗項目。

【文章目錄】
✔ 何謂增長實驗(Growth Experiments)?為什麼需要增長實驗?
✔ 開始增長實驗之前,需要什麼準備工作?
✔ 拆解增長實驗項目擬定七大步驟:背景、假說、指標、實驗、上線&持續迭代、復盤

何謂增長實驗(Growth Experiments)?

透過各種手段提升「數據」的實驗都能稱為增長實驗。

雖然名為「用戶」增長,但實際上,在日常工作中,未必只是單純的「用戶」增長。一般來說,GMV 的增長、註冊用戶數的增長、DAU 的增長、留存率的增長、使用時長的增長、發布率的增長、用戶活躍度的增長、評論數的增長、分享數的增長、加車率的增長….都算是用戶增長的範疇。而一般增長團隊在決定要從哪方面進行下手時,通常會先以 OKR 的方式,先從公司的整體目標進行拆解,決定這個季度/這個月所要著重的點是什麼。

為什麼需要增長實驗?

用戶增長的方法具體是什麼?其實沒有標準答案。不同公司不同業務不同階段,所能驅動增長的實際方法都不一樣。但相同的是,都是透過一連串的增長實驗所「試」出來的。

Our success at Amazon is a function of how many experiments we do per year, per month, per week, per day. — Jeff Bezos

Amazon 能成為全球市值最高的公司,很大一部份原因也是因為公司內所推崇的「實驗文化」,更在 2015 年的股東信中提及創新是靠不停的實驗而來的。

https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/annual/2015-Letter-to-Shareholders.PDF

因此,你需要增長實驗來幫助你驗證你所挖掘出來的公司業務的潛在增長動能,進而成功實現你的增長目標。

AWS Retail/CPG Growth Experiments workshop

開始增長實驗之前,需要什麼準備工作?

在開始一個增長實驗前,你需要:

  1. 先疏理該業務的完整用戶路徑。
  2. 衡量路徑中每一步驟的 CR(conversion rate),即所謂的漏斗分析(funnel analysis),進而找出要提升的業務目標/解決的問題。
  3. 提出優化的實驗方案。

而今天,主要就是要和大家分享,在提出實驗方案過程中的詳細拆解及每一步該如何實操。

拆解增長實驗項目擬定步驟

擬定一個增長實驗方案和產品經理在進行一個產品功能的策劃雷同,概括上來說都包含下面幾大步驟:項目背景梳理、假說擬定、擬定衡量實驗是否成功的指標、提出 idea 並進行優先級評估、落地執行、復盤。

▍步驟一:梳理項目背景

透過項目背景的描述,梳理現況。同時,讓了解該增長實驗的其他同事能夠充分理解該實驗的背景及所要解決的問題與原因。

為何需要梳理項目背景?

一般提到項目背景,很多人在日常工作中,很容易因為先有了 idea,在撰寫文檔時,便基於你的項目 idea 去填充項目背景的內容。然而,項目背景聽起來容易回答,但是否真正透過這個環境,成功的梳理出業務現況的核心問題,就顯得非常關鍵重要了。

一個項目的成功與否、是否成功帶來巨大的商業影響力,其實關鍵在一開始的方向,若是方向上錯了,後續做再多,項目在厲害,對於整體的 business 來說也沒有意義與價值。因此,在擬定一個具體的增長實驗之前,你需要先找出你所希望透過增長實驗解決的真正問題是什麼。

梳理項目背景兩步驟:

如前面所說,能增長的東西很多,到底要怎麼挑選你當下所要增長的方向呢?你可以透過數據/目標驅動找到問題,再透過 5W 挖掘出核心根本原因(root cause)。

  1. 數據/目標驅動常見的兩個方法:
  • 從準備工作中的漏斗分析,你應該已經從數據中找到問題點,並藉此找到了接下來增長實驗所要解決的相關問題與方向了。
  • 從既有的公司戰略目標去向下拆解,拆解時常會以 OKR 的方式去拆解。

2. 深入了解根本問題:透過上述的兩種方式找到了問題,接著可以透過 Toyota 所提出的 5W 方法論 — 透過連續問五個 why,去深入了解造成該問題的核心根本原因。

Source: https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2019/05/the-5-whys/

看完了 5W 框架後不知道怎麼應用?這裡順便和大家分享個例子。大家可以感受一下,然後將之應用到自己的日常工作之中。

https://www.managertoday.com.tw/articles/view/51438

▍步驟二:建立假說(hypothesis)

針對現況及打算優化的情況提出假說。

為何需要建立假說?

毫無目的的發想解決方案,在每分每秒都在燒錢的公司運轉中顯得不切實際。因此,需要透過假說思考的方式,來提升增長實驗的進行效率。

提出假說:

找出要解決得問題與方向後,接下來我們將基於挖掘出來的問題建立假說。建立假說的過程的思維框架,可以參考 BCG 的假說思考(hypothesis thinking)也可參考 AWS 的科學化假說方法(data-driven hypothesis)。

隨著數位化的普及、AI技術的成熟,Amazon也開始推行以科學化的方式提出假說,利用 machine learning(ML)的方式,在大量的數據中協助決策者挖掘出潛在的增長動能作為假說依據,進行後續的增長實驗。

AWS 科學化建置用戶體系流程圖
  • Magic number model: 利用 ML 技術從 CDP(customer data platform)中挖掘出影響新用戶留存關鍵行為因素,可作為增長實驗假說擬定的根據。
  • HVE model: 設置 objective 後,利用 ML 技術從 CDP(customer data platform)中挖掘出各行為在未來時間各個時間點達成該 objective 的機率,藉此找出影響該 objective 的高價值用戶行為,此結果便可作為增長實驗假說擬定的根據。

▍步驟三:訂定指標

在訂定指標時,我們一般會採用 OKR 形式

為何需要建立指標?

為了實現目標管理,在做任何決策時,都需要很明確知道,自己所在實施的項目,如何定義成功。唯有透過數據指標,才能科學化的去判斷你所做的項目是否符合預期。後續也能基於指標去決定下一步。

建立指標常用方法:

先定義此增長實驗的 O(Objective),再針對此 Objective 定義能夠拿來衡量的 KR(Key Results),一般會由大到小定義 2–5 個 KR。

▍步驟四:發想點子

訂定完假說及指標後,接著就是到了 brainstorming 的環節了。基於前面所分析的結果,盡可能發散的去發想任何可能的解決方案。

[案例補充]
這裡以 AWS 所使用的科學化方法所推行的增長實驗為例子,讓大家具體感受下是怎麼樣子落地在日常生活中的。
Objective(設置要增長的目標):30天內的復購率
User Segment(選定用戶群):上個月曾經購買過一次的用戶
Event list(列出所有用戶行為清單,同數據埋點的events):購買過的品類、做過的行為(除了常見的瀏覽商品、加購物車外,像是商品詳情頁面領取優惠券、在首頁瀏覽熱門商品模塊、在訂單頁面加購推薦商品、收藏心願單....等)
HVE model(利用 AWS HVE AI model 將 data 轉為 actionable information):在訂單頁面加購推薦商品30天內的復購率最高。
Actions(頭腦風暴出各種可行的方式去讓更多的用戶群達到上面所挖掘出來的insight):訂單頁面的加購商品模塊:優化個人推薦算法、熱門商品推薦、折扣力度大的商品推薦、用戶在加購商品模塊選購商品直接給予八折優惠....
頭腦風暴完後,無論是產品優化的方案、運營策略的方案、營銷折扣的方案,透過優先級的排序,逐一透過實驗去驗證是否真能對目標提升有效。
*對於AWS的增長實驗或是科學化的假說方法感興趣或是希望能夠將此落地到日常業務中,可以與我聯繫!目前AWS針對AWS客戶提供相關的免費/付費諮詢服務。

延伸閱讀推薦:

▍步驟五:使用 ICE 原則排序優先級

ICE(Impact,Confidence,Ease)原則是由知名增長黑客 Sean Ellis 所提出,用來幫助對增長還沒有那麼熟悉的人作優先級排定使用的參考工具。

為何需要 ICE 原則?

判斷優先級的方法論其實眾多,這裡僅是提出一個方法論幫助對增長還沒有那麼熟悉的人大家參考使用,其實只需要挑選一個自己或團隊適合或者熟悉的就可以。

ICE 原則如何運行?

ICE 原則是希望透過大家對該項目的進行三面向的打分:Impact(影響力)、Confidence(自信度)、Ease(容易度),每個分數為1–10分區間,並將三面向分數做平均值(或只直接加總後比較分數高低),即為增長實驗的優先級判斷工具。

Impact:此方案對於所要增長目標的影響力有多少。

Confidence:對於此方案成功的自信心程度。

Ease:此方案實現的容易度。

若是擔心在評判分數上過於主觀,可以如同產品開發的評審會一樣,組成一個評審小組,取眾數或者平均值來判斷。

延伸閱讀推薦:

▍步驟六:上線&持續迭代

上線與迭代的環節,如同知名的 PDCA(Deming Wheel)概念一樣。唯一差異在於,新增加了幾個新的思路在過程中:導入了近年來流行的 scrum 開發模式、MVP 形式上線、著重用戶體驗設計、數據驅動。

為何需要上線&持續迭代?

回到開頭所說的,用戶增長的方法沒有標準答案,需要透過一連串的增長實驗找出適合自己公司業務的增長動能。

上線&持續迭代如何進行?

將實驗idea進行優先級排序後,便應以 scrum 「小步快跑」形式著手開始將項目實現。在實現過程中,也應盡可能簡化項目需求與流程,以 MVP 的形式將之上線。上線後,再基於數據結果,持續不停的進行迭代。

如何实施 SCRUM ? — 明道云的回答 — 知乎 https://www.zhihu.com/question/19638322/answer/356788228

▍步驟七:復盤實驗結果(Review / Retro)

針對實驗結果進行分析與反思。

為何需要復盤?

實驗上線了,若是沒有進行復盤,你並無法從實驗中得到學習。

整個過程中從假說的建立、指標的訂定,甚至是準備過程中的路徑、數據分析等,唯有「實驗」了,你才知道市場上、用戶反應上是否如你所想的。透過復盤與不停的迭代,持續優化,以達成增長目標。

復盤該做什麼?復盤後我又該做什麼?

實驗成功上線後,透過復盤去分析實驗結果與一開始所設置的假說是否一致、實驗結果是否符合預期。若是符合,除了full launch到日常的業務中外,持續思考下一步該如何繼續優化;若是不符合,反思什麼原因造成實驗不如預期或是修正假說。

回到開頭所說的,

用戶增長的方法沒有標準答案。

不同公司、不同業務、不同階段,所能驅動增長的實際方法都不一樣。但相同的是,都是透過一連串的增長實驗所「試」出來的。

因此,唯有透過不停的實驗、復盤、再迭代,進而挖掘出屬於自己業務當下的增長動能以達到增長目標。

【延伸閱讀】增長實驗案例分析:

謝謝你的閱讀!如果有任何回饋或有興趣的主題,歡迎留言給我們 📒
如果單純想給我一點鼓勵,請給我 1–10 個拍手;
如果覺得文章對你有點幫助,請給我 11-30 個拍手;
如果想看更多「用戶增長」的相關文章,請盡情長按拍手(50個拍好拍滿)讓我們知道 👏🏻
想要持續追蹤我們的最新文章,請記得追蹤「產品三眼怪實驗室」(◉◉◉)!
我們每週末都會認真更新文章唷!千萬別錯過了~
產品經理
產品心法
成長駭客
用戶增長
Recommended from ReadMedium