The Change of Coding Language Softwares By Time
Historical explanation from the past to now
There are about 500 programming languages. With the development of technology, most of them cannot be used now because they cannot adapt to today’s technology.
According to the literature, programming languages are divided into 5 according to their developmental stages. Each stage is called one generation. These languages, which were closer to computers when this technology was first introduced, developed over the years and approached daily life and people. Thus, they established a link between machines and people.
I will first tell you about generations. For you to understand this article better.
First generation programming languages — Machine Languages
First generation programming languages are languages that originated with the first computer. Their goal is to meet the need to program their first computer.
It is fully focused on the characteristics of the machine in which it is developed. No compiler or cycle is needed to pass commands. Commands are transmitted through a control panel.
They are very strong in terms of speed and ability. The reason for this is that they work with the commands given directly to the processor. But they are hard to learn and apply. Managing error States is a big problem. Code written for a particular processor or machine must be rewritten from scratch because it does not run on another machine. Today it is still used for very old used machines.
Some examples of first generation programming languages;
- ARM • Intel 80x86 • IBM 360 • MIPS R2000|R3000 • MOS Tech 6502 • Motorola 680x • Power Architecture — (POWER and PowerPC) • StrongARM • Sun SPARC, UltraSPARC
Second Generation Programming Languages — Assembly Languages
Compared to machine languages, they are better understood. These languages are known as Assembly translators. Machine-specific codes, commands and abbreviations are used. But again, every machine needs to be progressed to the essence.
In order for programs developed in these languages to be used on the machine, we need to translate into machine language. At this point, the assembler comes into play. Currently, assembly languages are used in hardware programming, operating system kernels.
Some examples of second generation programming languages;
• ASEM-51 [1] • BAL (Basic AssembLer) • COMPASS (COMPrehensive ASSembler) • Emu8086 • FAP (FORTRAN Assembly Program) • FASM (Flat Assembler; IA-32, IA-64) • GAS (GNU Assembler) • HLA (High Level Assembly) • MASM (Microsoft Macro Assembler) • NASM (Netwide Assembler) • NEAT (National’s Electronic Autocoder Technique) • TASM (Turbo Assembler, Borland)
Third Generation Programming Languages-Structural Languages
Programming languages are widely used today. The third generation is the generation in which known species were developed. It’s closer to the languages people use, like English. Thanks to this generation, software development is machine-independent.
Unlike other languages, written programs have also started to be used on different machines. Third-generation languages cannot be detected directly. For this reason, a compiler or interpreter is needed to work on the device they are installed on.
Some examples of third generation programming languages;
- Fortran
- ALGOL
- COBOL
- BASIC
- C
- C++
- Delphi
- Java
Fourth Generation Programming Languages — Solution-Oriented Languages
Third-generation languages have evolved very significantly in programming. But it does not have enough savings to solve special situations in trade and business life. A new language is needed to solve these problems. Thus, fourth-generation languages were greatly improved. It is much easier to use than other languages. Less code can be written thanks to ready-made templates and packages. It can offer practical solutions to meet specific needs. Applications used in many areas are still open to development.
Some examples of fourth generation programming languages;
- Informix-4GL
- Progress 4GL
- SQL
- Oracle Forms /Reports
- PostScript
- RPG-II
- Gauss
- ABAP
- Mathematica
- PL/SQL
- Progress 4GL
- SPSS
- Borland Delphi
- MATLAB’s GUIDE
- Windows Forms
- Powerbuilder
- Progress Dynamics
- ColdFusion
Fifth Generation Programming Languages
It can be considered as the working logic of artificial intelligence. It tries to find a solution to a problem by itself, not by the programmer, provided that it specifies a specific boundary condition and conditions. (Sometimes he can also determine these conditions himself.) Is designed to do this. It works by declarative method rather than explicit encoding. It is mainly used in research in the field of artificial intelligence.
Some examples of fifth generation programming languages;
- Prolog
- OPS5
- Mercury
History of Coding Language Softwares
Before 1940;
The first computer code was designed for its applications. 20. in the first decade of the century, decimal numbers were mainly used to calculate numbers, while later people found that not only words but numbers could also be used to Express Logic.
1940s;
The first recognized modern, electrically powered computer was created in the 1940s. Programmers write manually tuned assembly language programs under limited speed and memory capacity. And it was soon discovered that this method of writing, using assembly Language, required a lot of intellectual effort and was open to error.
1950s and 1960s;
Three modern programming languages were designed in the 1950s, and languages derived from these three are still widely used today. Fortran, John McCarthy, COBOL..
1967–1978's;
In the period from the late 1960s to the late 1970s, the development of programming languages also produced significant results. Many of the native language paradigms used today were invented during this period.
1980s;
The programming languages of the 1980s are more powerful than before. C++ has Object-Oriented and system programming. Japan and other places have invested a lot in research on fifth-generation languages using logical programming language structures. The functional programming language community shifted its focus to standardized machine learning and Lisp. These activities are not about developing new paradigms, but about moving ideas invented by the last generation further.
1990s;
The 1990s saw no major innovations, most of which were reorganizations or changes previously designed. The basic philosophy promoted during this period is to increase the productivity of programmers.
Now;
Programming languages continue to evolve at both academic and institutional levels. Some programs used today;
- 2001- C #
- 2001- Visual Basic .NET
- 2002- F #
- 2003- Scala
- 2003- Faktör
- 2006 — Windows PowerShell
- 2007- Clojure
- 2009- Git
- 2014- Swift
Thank youuu..
