The Boat That Washed Up In Libya

Summary

Magda Mughrabi, a North Africa researcher for Amnesty International, investigates the potential connection between the Ghost Boat's disappearance and a salvage operation documented by the Libyan Red Crescent, revealing the challenges of human rights documentation amidst Libya's ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis.

Abstract

Magda Mughrabi's role as a North Africa researcher for Amnesty International has led her to document the harrowing human rights abuses faced by migrants, asylum-seekers, and refugees in Libya. Her recent focus has been on the mysterious disappearance of the Ghost Boat, which prompted her to engage with the Libyan Red Crescent Society (LRCS). Through conversations with the Head of the Dead Body Management Team in Tripoli, she learned about the recovery of 22 bodies along the Tajoura shores in July 2014 and the subsequent procedures for burial and documentation. Despite the lack of a central database and the ongoing conflict that has crippled Libya's justice system, Mughrabi has pieced together information that suggests a possible link between the recovered boat and bodies to the Ghost Boat incident. The LRCS's documentation on their Facebook site provides critical visual evidence. However, the complexity of the situation is compounded by the political and social turmoil in Libya, where the absence of a centralized authority and the presence of multiple competing factions have led to widespread human rights violations and a climate of impunity.

Opinions

Mughrabi believes that the boat found could potentially be the Ghost Boat, based on its size and the number of bodies recovered.
The ongoing conflict in Libya has severely hindered the documentation and investigation of human rights abuses, including the case of the Ghost Boat.
The Libyan Red Crescent's efforts in managing dead bodies and conducting search operations are hampered by the lack of a central database and the broader political chaos.
There is a concern that the victims of the Ghost Boat incident, like many other asylum-seekers and migrants, could be forgotten due to the lack of attention and resources devoted to their plight.
The justice system in Libya is described as broken, with judges, prosecutors, and police facing threats and intimidation, leading to a lack of remedy for victims of human rights abuses.
The presence of multiple governments and armed groups in Libya contributes to the ongoing human rights crisis, with all parties potentially complicit in abuses and war crimes.

How the Libyan Red Crescent documented a salvage operation that maybe — just maybe — related to the Ghost Boat’s disappearance.

My name is Magda Mughrabi, and as North Africa researcher for AmnestyInternational, I’ve been documenting human rights abuses against migrants, asylum-seekers and refugees in Libya since 2013. These include not only abduction, extortion and sexual violence along the smuggling route from sub-Saharan Africa towards the Libyan coast, but also arbitrary detention and torture in the country’s many immigration detention centers. Since learning about the Ghost Boat, reading the story online and talking to members of the team, I’ve been looking into the case to see what I can uncover.

I recently spoke to the Head of the Dead Body Management Team of the Libyan Red Crescent Society (LRCS) in Tripoli — he is in charge of operations between Janzur and Garabulli — about the investigation. He was only aware of the incidents that took place in early July 2014, which Mohamed Lagha heard about from the LRCS (Tripoli) Head of Communication in his interview on January 18. But I did get some more details on burial and investigation procedures.

According to him, LRCS volunteers have retrieved 22 bodies on the shores of Tajoura between July 7 and 12, 2014. These bodies were transferred to the morgue at the Tripoli Medical Centre, where — he assumes — DNA samples would have been taken from them, as per usual procedure. The Criminal Investigations Department, under the Ministry of Interior, usually takes pictures of the dead bodies and writes an official record before permitting burial, and he assumed that this is what would have happened in the July 7 case as well.

The dead bodies would have been buried at the Bir al-Usta Milad graveyard for unknown people, and the graves would have been numbered in order to allow for body identification.

Authorization to review the photos — if indeed they were taken — or the personal belongings — if any were found on the bodies — needs to be sought from the General Prosecutor’s office. When I inquired about press reports concerning 150 bodies washing up on Khoms’ shores at the end of July 2014, he said he knew nothing about it, but explained that the LRCS does not have a central database until now, so his branch wouldn’t be aware of any bodies washing up east of Garabulli. Importantly though, he told me that the search operations are documented on the LRCS Tripoli Facebook site.

According to the post, the boat washed up on the shores of Tajoura, near the local military base. Thirteen bodies were found below deck and transferred to the Tripoli Medical Centre. The boat looks like those that are usually used by smugglers in the Central Mediterranean, and from our experience documenting deaths at sea, it seems possible that it could have fit 243 people. Obviously, we don’t know if this is the Ghost Boat. But these photos could be critical evidence.

I still think that speaking to other LRCS branches is essential, and I would probably try to get more information from the Public Prosecution and Criminal Investigations Department in charge — although I doubt that they did actually document anything given that the bodies were found just days before the start of clashes in Tripoli which effectively triggered the current conflict. One of the reasons why this incident might have been under-reported could actually be the fact that it occurred around the start of conflict in Tripoli. Central authority, which was already undermined by the presence of a myriad of militias, has effectively collapsed in Libya since then. Despite UN efforts to address the violence and ongoing political crisis, Libya remains deeply divided. Two parliaments and two governments continue to fight for legitimacy and power, and a Government of National Accord backed by the UN Security Council is yet to be formed.

Amid the chaos, there appears to be no end in sight to human rights abuses and possible war crimes which are committed by all armed groups and military formations with complete impunity. Since mid-2014, all sides have fired artillery, mortars, rockets and anti-aircraft weapons, even at residential areas — and sometimes from them, too. They have abducted and tortured civilians just because of their name, place of birth or tribe, and killed detainees after they were captured. Without any social or tribal networks and protection in the country, asylum-seekers, refugees and migrants, are among the most vulnerable to abuse. They’re also the most likely to be forgotten.

The justice system in Libya is broken, with many courts closed or operating sporadically due to threats and intimidation faced by judges and prosecutors. The police are unable to conduct criminal investigations, and thousands of victims of human rights abuses are left without remedy. Many human rights defenders and international organizations have left Libya for safety reasons.

I keep thinking how unbelievable it seems that 243 people can go missing without a trace, but then I remember that anything is possible in the Libyan chaos.

Onward.

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