Creating Space for Doubt

How to listen, empathize, and love well (Pt. I)

Doubts are seldom allowed in the church. There’s an unspoken agreement that we’ll keep such thoughts to ourselves — that we won’t sully an otherwise pleasant Sunday morning, create tension at a comfortable Wednesday night bible study, or spark controversy among content believers. Instead, we’ll pretend to be equally comfortable and content.

Since we don’t share doubts, we can’t discuss them, learn from them, or deepen our faith thanks to them. We either feel alone in our questioning or remain blissfully ignorant of the questioners in our midst. Many of those questioners may struggle in their faith while “alone together” in a faith community. Some may lose and leave their faith.

Worse yet, fellow believers often shut down doubters who manage to voice their thoughts. Doubters marshal their courage, pick a “safe” person, and then open their hearts, only to be rewarded with trite clichés about faith, simplistic “bible school answers,” and unsatisfactory appeals to mystery — “God works in mysterious ways.” When doubters dig deeper, they unearth defensiveness and hostility in their fellow believers rather than love and acceptance.

We need to create space for doubt. We need to engage doubters.

But how? That’s what this essay explores.

Defining “Doubters”

To start, I should define what I mean by religious “doubt” as well as the people I refer to as “doubters.”

I define religious doubt as serious questions about God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, the bible, church doctrine, church tradition, contemporary church practices, the ethics of church leaders, or anything else intimately connected to the committed practice of one’s faith.

When I refer to “doubters,” then, I’m referring to people who are questioning something significant about their understanding and practice of their faith. They haven’t stopped believing, but they’re not as certain as they may have once been. They may feel adrift.

They’re not fretting about trivia. They’re concerned about challenges like the problem of evil, the problem of God’s hiddenness, or the possibility that the church established sweeping doctrines based on mistranslating and misinterpreting scripture.

They’re frustrated with the church’s lack of repentance for its history of oppression and complicity in colonialism, sexism, racism, and other injustices; with the church’s stance on modern social justice issues; with their church leadership’s problematic priorities and resistance to change; with the politicization of faith.

In short, doubters have serious questions about serious topics and should be taken seriously rather than suppressed, silenced, or dismissed.

They could easily end up outside the faith unless they have a loving, supportive environment to explore their questions.

First, Listen Well

How do we take doubters seriously? How do we create space for their questions? We listen well.

Feeling truly, deeply heard can be a powerful thing. Some of my life’s brightest moments involved a devoted ear. Feeling heard has sent chills through my body. The famous, influential psychologist Carl Rogers created an entire subfield of psychology and therapy based on empathetic, active listening.

But when you wonder, say, whether the creation account of Genesis is literal or metaphoric, and your listener criticizes your lack of faith in the bible as the inerrant Word of God and questions your entire faith if you don’t take every word literally — well, you weren’t really heard, were you?

I mean, it’s a big leap from asking, “Could Genesis be figurative? Maybe its purpose is theological rather than scientific?” to the reply, “Whoa! You don’t trust the bible! Get behind thee, Satan!”

So you clarify, “I believe in the bible, but I worry I’m missing something if I interpret the creation story as a literal account.”

Eyes dark, head shaking, the listener nearly whispers, “The Word of God can’t be mistaken.”

“I’m not saying it’s mistaken; I’m saying my literal interpretation could be mistaken.”

“You think you know better than God!”

“Not at all! It’s just, you know, I’ve read some commentaries and prayed, and I really feel like I can get so much more out of the text when I view it as a kind of theological argument instead of a science textbook.”

“I don’t know where you’re getting this stuff, but keep it to yourself from now on. You don’t want to lead anyone else astray.”

Sigh. I constructed this story to illustrate the universal frustration of feeling unheard. We all know this frustration. We all know this exasperation and how it can lead to disillusionment, whatever the topic.

The saddest thing about this hypothetical — yet all too realistic — conversation isn’t the disagreement. It’s the willful misunderstanding, the unwillingness to listen to what an earnest doubter actually said.

Before a downfall, the heart is haughty, but humility comes before honor. To answer before listening — that is folly and shame. The human spirit can endure in sickness but a crushed spirit, who can bear? — Proverbs 18:12–14 (NIV)

Listening well requires humility, openness, and love.

To listen well, we must be humble enough to admit that we don’t know everything. We’re limited, fallible humans just like anyone else. We could be as wrong as we believe others to be!

To listen well, we must be open to people and their questions and ideas. Openness means that we’re listening to hear and understand the person in front of us, not to debate, not to formulate our counter-argument.

To listen well, we must prioritize loving others over being right. In his excellent book, Love Matters More, Jared Byas writes:

I ended up hurting a number of people before I realized just how wrong I had been about Christianity. I thought the best Christians were the ones who knew the most. I turns out that the best Christians are the ones who love the most, regardless of what they know or don’t know. — p. 77

(Want to learn more about Jared’s book? Listen to this.)

Different Dialogue, Different Results

Imagine if the interlocuter above had listened with humility, openness, and love.

“You know,” you say, more than a little unkindly, “Genesis doesn’t make any sense.”

Your listener waits a beat, blinks, and asks, “What do you mean?”

“I mean, science disproves it. God didn’t make the universe in six literal days.”

“You’re wondering how the bible could be trustworthy if it conflicts with science?”

“Yes, that’s it! If Genesis could be so wrong, how do I know the rest is true?”

“Hmm. What brought these doubts on?”

“Well, uh, I read Genesis for the first time as an adult. I can’t believe Sunday school, Vacation Bible School, and all the rest taught me to interpret it literally.”

Your listener grunts. “I take it literally. But it sounds like your real issue might be that you learned a different view than you were taught and now you feel lied to. Is that right?”

“It’s like you know what I’m thinking!”

With a chuckle and a smile, the listener asks, “Do you still believe in God?”

You nod.

“Do you still love Jesus?”

You nod emphatically.

“Okay, then.” Grinning gently, your friend continues, “I don’t think anyone meant to mislead you. They were teaching you what they believed. It’s okay to have different beliefs.”

“Really?”

“If it wasn’t, why would God allow so many denominations and religions? I mean, I hope you stay in ours. You can always come talk to me.”

The first conversation is marked by defensiveness, debating, and demeaning. The so-called listener can’t hear the person, much less prioritize him, because he’s too busy preparing counter-points and shaming.

Which is to say, he’s too fixated on his own fears and insecurities, his own unaddressed doubts. If you’re confident in your beliefs, you don’t get overly defensive when someone expresses different beliefs.

“Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye?” — Matthew 7:3 (NIV)

The second conversation is marked by humility, curiosity, and a desire to understand. The listener employs simple but powerful active listening techniques, reflecting back on what he hears and checking his comprehension. He allows for differences of opinion and belief and prioritizes the person and the relationship over being right.

The first conversation could easily drive someone away from faith, likely from the church, and certainly from the hard-hearted debater. Conversations like that one can create atheists.

Hopefully, the second conversation convinces the doubter that he’s cared for, respected, and valued — simply because he’s heard and accepted. He’s much more likely to remain connected to a faith community and to continue maturing his faith despite, or perhaps because of, any doubts he experiences.

Encourage Appreciating God’s “bigness”

Sometimes, Christians can make God seem pretty tiny. Like He can’t handle diverse beliefs about him, interpretations of scripture, and expressions of faith. Like we must toe a thin line or else offend our God.

That’s an awful, petty deity, isn’t it?

When people express doubts, we need to reassure them (and ourselves) that God can handle questions, doubts, and diverse theology. God is big, generous, compassionate, and merciful, not small and petty.

If God doesn’t tolerate diversity of belief and practice, then how can we make sense of the church’s 2000-year history of arguing about the biblical canon, scriptural interpretations, the nature of Jesus, the doctrine of the Trinity, the liturgy of church services, or the style of worship music?

Not to mention, the bible itself includes a remarkable diversity of belief, profound doubts and disillusionment, and even lashing out at God.

If you dislike questions and doubts, you’re gonna hate much of the bible.

Deuteronomy vs. Job

The book of Deuteronomy consistently argues for a simple cause-and-effect formula of life:

If you do good things, you’ll be rewarded with blessings. If you do bad things, you’ll be punished with suffering. You reap what you sow. Life is fair.

If you pay attention to these laws and are careful to follow them, then God will keep his covenant of love with you, as he swore to your ancestors. He will love you and bless you and increase your numbers. … You will be blessed more than any other people. — Deuteronomy, 7:12–14 (NIV)

The book of Job contradicts the argument of Deuteronomy.

Job does everything right. He’s extraordinarily devout and righteous, and his motives are pure. Yet Job receives unimaginable suffering. Life is unfair.

Then the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one on earth like him; he is blameless and upright, a man who fears God and shuns evil.” — Job, 1:8 (NIV)

If the Bible itself contains contradictory philosophies of life, how can we shut down people who ask questions or express different faith ideas?

Proverbs vs. Ecclesiastes

The book of Proverbs extolls the virtues of wisdom. It’s a whole book of wise sayings! One of which says:

Blessed are those who find wisdom, those who gain understanding, for she is more profitable than silver and yields better returns than gold. — Proverbs 3:13–14

Then Ecclesiastes comes along and counters:

I said to myself, “Look, I have increased in wisdom more than anyone who has ruled over Jerusalem before me … but I learned that this, too, is a chasing after the wind. For with much wisdom comes much sorrow; the more knowledge, the more grief. — Ecclesiastes 1: 12–18

So which is it? Is wisdom the highest virtue? Is it utterly meaningless?

Apparently, God can handle ambiguity. And he thought that we could not only handle it but also benefit from it.

Proverbs vs. Proverbs

Proverbs itself features diversity and ambiguity. For example:

Do not answer a fool according to his folly, or you yourself will be just like him.

Answer a fool according to his folly, or he will be wise in his own eyes. — Proverbs 26:4–5 (NIV)

In back-to-back verses, Proverbs tells its readers to “not answer a fool” and to “answer a fool.” What’s a Bible-believing Christian to do?

For starters, honor people who ask questions about God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, the bible, and so forth. They’re just engaging in the same contemplation as the biblical authors and thousands of years of theologians.

Then, recognize that the bible isn’t trying to prescribe beliefs, behavior, or actions so much as it’s trying to present diverse ideas for us to wrestle with, contemplate, and then apply to our lives.

In one situation, the wisest course might be to ignore a fool. In another circumstance, answering the fool might be best.

The bible doesn’t prescribe what to do in all situations; it equips us to discern what to do in a given situation.

Lamentations

The book of Lamentations questions God.

Look, Lord, and consider: Whom have you ever treated like this? — Lamentations, 2:20 (NIV)

Why do you always forget us? Why do you forsake us so long? — Lamentations, 5:20 (NIV)

These scriptures demonstrate the doubts raised by the trauma of the Babylonian exile. How can we be God’s chosen people if King Nebuchadnezzar just destroyed Jerusalem and marched the survivors to Babylon in chains? Does God like us? Is God worth following?

We often squelch doubts in the church with trite answers and stern warnings, but the biblical authors themselves wrestle with doubt and even express anger with God.

It’s like God’s trying to tell us, “Hey, it’s okay to question, to doubt, to hate my guts. I’m big enough to love you anyway.”

Conclusion

Clearly, God is plenty big enough for diverse ideas, including anyone’s questions.

We must listen well and reassure those to whom we listen that God accepts their doubts as much as he accepts them.

You may have heard the famous quote, “There’s more faith in honest doubt than in half the creeds.”

But it’s worth reading Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s quote in context. Tennyson wrote these words in memory of his dear friend Arthur Hallam.

… You tell me, doubt is Devil-born.

…

There lives more faith in honest doubt,

Believe me, than in half the creeds.

He fought his doubts and gather’d strength,

He would not make his judgment blind,

He faced the spectres of the mind

And laid them: thus he came at length

To find a stronger faith his own;

And Power was with him in the night,

Which makes the darkness and the light,

And dwells not in the light alone, …

Tennyson observed that his friend’s doubts led him to contemplate his beliefs fully. That contemplation led to a stronger faith, a faith that could withstand misfortune, hardship, hurts, challenges, questions, science, new information, religious hypocrisy, and, yes, future doubts.

For the doubters we encounter — including ourselves! — to strengthen their faith, they must have the blessing of being heard and the reassurance of God’s generous, compassionate “bigness.”

This essay is the first in a series. Future parts will further explore engaging doubters. Later parts will focus on engaging skeptics and atheists.

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