Physics

Laws of physics and events on Earth (# 42)

Previous articles in this series have developed the hypothesis that the origin of our universe is mathematical. This explanation does not need pre-requisite assumptions such as eternal consciousness or a field of quantum particles. Nevertheless, such an explanation does not mean there is a unique development path from the beginning of everything to the creation of Earth.

There are many possible development paths consistent with the observed physical laws of our universe. Furthermore, the physical laws of our universe may not be fixed. This article sets out one possible implication of how a different understanding of gravity could have affected developments on Earth.

A brief synopsis of the origin of our universe

The mathematician, Alfred Tarski, proved that Elementary Euclidean Geometry (EEG) is a self-consistent axiomatic system when formulated in a three-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. A complete axiomatic system does not need any other assumption or axiom to derive theorems. AdS space has negative curvature unlike our universe which cosmologists have deduced has positive curvature (De-Sitter space). When the AdS space is shaped like a Klein bottle, content in that space, such as the five Platonic solids which make up EEG, becomes inverted without requiring any external input. Mathematically, the inverse of a Platonic solid can be described as the dual of the solid. Inversion of a solid is equivalent to creating a Distinction.

George Spencer-Brown developed basic mathematical rules, Laws of Form, concerning what happens when a Distinction is made. He concluded that the consequence of making a Distinction is equivalent to the creation of another dimension, a time-like dimension. In Spencer-Brown’s system, a Distinction is required when a shape re-enters a space. The scientist, Francisco Varela, argued that when the dynamics of re-entry are made part of the mathematics, something can be true and false simultaneously. This ambiguity provides the basis for content in AdS space having quantum-like features. In brief, AdS space which originally consisted of three-dimensional Platonic solids becomes filled with quantum-like particles in four dimensions.

A four-dimensional AdS space filled with quantum particles contains black holes. Content in AdS space passes into black holes. The inside of an AdS space has five dimensions including two time-like dimensions. One of the features of AdS space is the existence of boundaries that are similar to mirages. A boundary displays the content of the AdS space in one less dimension.

Eventually, a black hole collapses and its content emerges in the original AdS space through a white hole. The emerging content is the same as that displayed in the boundary inside AdS black holes. In other words, content in AdS space changes as a result of passing through black holes. There is no prime mover in AdS space, changes in content happen because of the mathematics of that space.

The Russian physicist, Vitaly Efimov, theorized that the combination of three quantum particles could lead to the emergence of a force that was not part of any of the three particles. His theory has now been confirmed in some laboratories; certain combinations of quantum particles lead to the emergence of new phenomena. In the boundary of an AdS black hole, quantum particles exist when described in a space with one less dimension than the original space. New phenomena emerge in the boundary and thus new phenomena emerge out of a white hole in the original AdS space. These new phenomena could include new rules about how quantum particles behave.

These new rules will enter into black holes ultimately leading to the emergence of even more complex phenomena. For example, one such phenomenon is what scientists call the zero point field which is filled with zero-point energy (ZPE).

Another phenomenon is a rule equivalent to ‘Whatever can happen, does happen’. The AdS space is an integral part of a possibly never-ending journey to create more and more complex content. Our universe is part of the process of helping create original content of increasing complexity.

Laws of physics in our universe

Our universe has been created as if it were in a De-Sitter space-time because that type of space contains the possibility of continuously evolving into something new. We, with our free will, are the source of increasing complexity. However, there is the possibility that, in a De-Sitter world, we may experience an existential crisis that cannot be resolved. Earth evolved to create a species, humankind, that has the potential to fulfill the objective of making more complex content, but we may fail to meet challenges when existential crises arise. Experiencing a crisis may be necessary to provide the impetus to facilitate increased complexity; we, as a species, need to be sufficiently innovative to discover solutions to crises.

This article discusses the possibility that one of the design features of our universe, namely the law of gravity, as formulated by Newton, is not correctly understood.

As discussed in previous articles, if the proposed revisions to Newton’s inverse square law for gravity are confirmed through empirical studies of the velocities of stars and galaxies, matter would appear to instantiate information. This raises the possibility that we may be able to access information instantiated in matter. Furthermore, when information can be instantiated in matter, our ancestors could pass on messages. The songlines of Australian aborigines could be an example of such transmission.

Physicists are aware that a vacuum in space has zero-point energy (ZPE). However, they have not discovered an economical way of extracting that energy. ZPE is as old as the universe. If ZPE could be instantiated into matter, that matter could become lighter. If our ancestors found a way to access ZPE, building the Great Pyramid of Giza might have required much less effort than would be the case under Earth’s gravity.

The suggested revisions to Newton’s inverse square law for gravity include incorporating information about the temperature of matter. The temperature at the beginning of the universe was extremely hot. If ZPE is used to instantiate information about the temperature at the start of the universe into the granite, that granite would ‘melt’, thus enabling two pieces of granite to be placed perfectly together e.g. without room to insert a razor blade between them.

Ancient knowledge

The Great Pyramid of Giza may have provided access to ZPE. The ability to use ZPE to move heavy rocks and place them together perfectly is consistent with the idea that ZPE can be focused to achieve particular purposes.

One reason for the construction of the Pyramid could have been to use it as a weapon for destroying an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. The zero-point field may not only include ZPE but also information about all events in our universe. People with knowledge about how to access ZPE may also have had the ability to know that an asteroid was on a collision cause with Earth. The asteroid may have been large enough to extinguish most life on Earth such as happened with the dinosaurs.

People with this knowledge may not have had the ability to remove the threat completely but they could have broken up the asteroid so that only much smaller objects would hit Earth. This is the scenario that might explain the Younger Dryas event around 10,900 BC. There is considerable evidence that North America at the time was covered with an ice sheet several kilometers deep which may be why there is little evidence of meteor crash sites.

Several objects appear to have hit Earth around 10,900 BC causing large destruction including the extinction of many megafauna. Many myths may have recorded the event as a great flood.

The builders of the Great Pyramid may have designed the pyramid to accumulate large amounts of ZPE in the form of information; the builders may also have designed the Great Pyramid as a way of storing energy for release at a later date. Some people believe that the fabled Ark of the Covenant could have been a device for storing energy or information. That information could have been used to destroy a large asteroid on a course to hit Earth. The destruction of the asteroid resulted in a large number of smaller pieces.

The builders of the Great Pyramid could have been aware that many small objects would hit Earth causing much destruction. So these builders may have created a means of passing on knowledge to future generations. For example, they arranged for the construction of temples at Gobekli Tepe. Later these temples were deliberately buried. Only one of the pits at Gobekli Tepe has been excavated by archaeologists so far. Many more are still buried. The stones used in these temples often weighed more than 10 tons and appear to have been carved as if they were part of a memory palace. The builders of Gobekli Tepe may have instantiated information in these stones about how to access ZPE.

Ancient knowledge and global heating

Excavation of the ancient site, Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, started in 1995. It may not be a coincidence that in the early 1990s concerns about global heating were being taken seriously enough to organize major international conferences. Global heating is a result of greenhouse gases building up in the upper atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases remain in Earth’s atmosphere because of gravity. If the rules about where the molecules of carbon dioxide gas circulate in Earth’s atmosphere could be changed, it may be possible to reduce the density of carbon dioxide molecules in the space surrounding Earth.

Acquisition of knowledge about how to access and use ZPE could provide a means of reducing the density of greenhouse gases in space.

The question for this article is:

Is there a way to remove greenhouse gases from our atmosphere quickly?

To view the headings of all the articles to be published in this series please click on https://michaeledalton.medium.com/orbiting-stars-and-origin-of-our-universe-338906930f51

To obtain a copy of the book ‘Orbiting Stars’ which contains the first drafts of all these articles, please visit https://www.amazon.com