How Are the Fjords Formed?
Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Fjords, famous for their breathtaking and serene views, are long and deep lakes extending to non-coastal areas. These geographical features exist due to glacial activities spanning thousands of years.
Fjords (American pron. fyordz) are often narrow and are surrounded by tall cliffs or mountains. They show a disparity of rocky cliffs and crystal-clear salty water!
Norway and Iceland are the worldwide top choices for people visiting fjords. Besides these, one can also locate fjords on the coasts of Denmark, New Zealand, Russia, the United States, etc.
How Are the Fjords Formed?
The following geological mechanisms were the driving composition factors for fjords:
- Gigantic glaciers cut valleys in U-shape during glacial periods, advancing fjord formation.
- Glaciers and ice sheets are strong forces of erosion. When the glaciers were on the move, they exerted immense pressure on the sediments.
- As climatic conditions began to change, the glaciers started to retreat.
- Melting of ice increased the seawater and led to the submergence of the earlier carved-out valleys.
Thus, the waters are often salty, even though glaciers carry freshwater. The fjord ecosystem is somewhat similar to mangroves because both contain brackish waters that support distinct marine biodiversity.
The fjord formation is an ongoing process. Alterations in the earth’s crust and further melting of glaciers can reshape the existing fjords.
Why do fjords constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
Scroll through the fjord pictures. Don’t they reflect tranquillity and serenity? The unique geology, panoramic sceneries, tall mountains, and peaceful water captivates all nature enthusiasts.
One can spot diverse biodiversity such as marine mammals and moraines, which enhances the geological wonders. Moreover, different seasons offer varied fjord experiences.
Did you know that fjords also feature in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites? The West Norwegian Fjords (Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord) are classic fjords known for their natural beauty and pristine saltwater inlets.
They are situated around 120 km away from each other. The water bodies are surrounded by steep crystalline rock walls rising to 1,400 m from the Norwegian Sea. The rugged cliffs extend 500 m below sea level.
Can you recall the geographical features surrounding Arendelle in the Frozen movie? Well, people say that is Nærøyfjord or Naeroyfjord-inspired.
Closing Thoughts
Fjords are magnificent natural wonders that tell us the tale of time and geology. The shape of the valleys, towering rock walls, clear water, and the unique biodiversity have their own origin stories.
Together, they constitute one of the most picturesque areas of the world. As a result, fjords feature on the bucket list of almost all global travelers.